Papers  of  the  Hawaiian  Historical  Society  No.  14 

Journal  of  a Canoe  Voyage  along  the  Kauai 
Palis,  made  in  1845 

by  ; ' 

HON.  GORHAM  D.  GILMAN 
‘ AND 

The  History  of  the  Hawaiian  Mission 
Press,  with  a Bibliography  of  the 
- Earlier  Publications 

BY 

HOWARD  M.  BALLOU  AND  GEORGE  R.  CARTER  - 


7 ' Presented  to  the  Society,  August  27,  1908. 


HONOLULU.  T.  H. 
1908 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2015 


https://archiv^£)rg/details/journalofcanoevo01gilm 


A VIEW  OF  THE  MISSIONARY  ESTABLISHMENT  AT  HANAROORAH,  WOAHOO,  TAKEN  OCTOBER  II.  1820. 


Papers  of  the  Hawaiian  Historical  Society 


No.  14 


II 

journal  of  a Canoe  Voyage  along  the  Kauai 
Palis,  made  in  1845 

BY 

HON.  GORHAM  D.  GILMAN 
AND 

The  History  of  the  Hawaiian  Mission 
Press,  with  a Bibliography  of  the 
Earlier  Publications 

BY 

HOWARD  M.  BALLOU  AND  GEORGE  R.  CARTER 


Presented  to  the  Society,  August  27,  1908. 


Honolulu,  T.  H. 
Paradise  of  the  Pacific  Print 
1908 


The  cuts  of  books  used  in  illustrating  are  furnished  through 
the  courtesy  of  the  Paradise  of  the  Pacific  from  an  article  by 
W.  D.  Westervelt,  on  First  Hawaiian  Printing,  in  the  Oc- 
tober number. 


9o& 


Journal  of  a Canoe  Voyage  along  the  Kauai 
Pahs,  made  in  1845 

By  Hon.  G.  D.  Gilman. 

August  19th,  1845,  Hanalei,  Kauai. 

I was  awakened  this  morning  by  the  clock’s  striking  three,  and, 
as  it  was  the  hour  that  I had  set  for  my  departure,  I prepared 
myself  to  leave.  I found  the  table  spread  with  refreshments  for 
the  voyage,  of  which  I was  glad  to  avail  myself,  after  which  I left 
the  house  silently,  not  wishing  to  disturb  my  kind  friends  so 
early.  The  full  moon  was  flooding  with  its  light  the  grand 
mountains,  the  valley  and  the  bay.  Not  a sound  broke  the  still- 
ness save  the  gentle  splashing  of  the  waves  as  they  broke  on  the 
beach.  A short  walk  brought  me  to  the  house  where  the  crew  of 
my  canoe  were  sleeping.  It  was  with  some  difficulty  that  I roused 
them  up,  and  got  them  to  move  along.  I had  given  them  explicit 
orders  the  day  before  to  have  everything  ready  when  I should 
come  down,  but  when  I arrived,  expecting  to  find  the  canoe 
rigged,  they  were  anything  but  ready.  The  canoe  was  not  loaded 
and  the  men  were  not  together,  but  part  in  one  place  and  part  in 
another.  After  a delay  of  an  hour  and  a half,  we  shoved  off 
through  the  surf  and  directed  our  course  toward  Waimea. 

A light  breeze  sprang  up,  and  the  houses  and  beach  of  Hanalei 
were  soon  lost  in  the  distance.  The  coast  which  we  were  passing 
was  too  dim  for  us  to  distinguish  objects  on  shore,  but  as  I had 
ridden  past  it  shortly  before,  I did  not  particularly  regret  this. 
The  sun  was  just  rising  when  we  reached  the  point  where  the 
great  palis  or  precipices  begin.  These  precipices  are  one  of  the 
grandest  wonders  of  the  Islands,  but  the  danger  of  examining 
them  on  the  passage  deters  many  persons  from  visiting  them. 
There  are  those  who  will  travel  by  land  sixty  miles  around  rather 
than  sail  these  fifteen  by  canoe,  and  I was  warned  not  to  try. 
But  with  me  curiosity  was  stronger  than  caution. 

I must  confess  that  when  we  passed  the  last  landing,  and  were 


4 


fairly  entering  on  the  dangerous  part,  I felt  a little  timid,  for  if 
any  accident  should  happen,  there  was  no  help  for  us.  The  rocks 
rose  perpendicularly  from  the  water  without  any  landing  place, 
and  if  upset,  the  only  hope  would  be  the  chance  of  being  picked 
up  by  some  passing  canoe.  In  fact  a canoe  making  the  passage 
was  capsized  a few  days  before  and  her  cargo  lost.  The  natives, 
however,  are  so  expert  that  they  have  little  or  no  fear  at  such 
times;  the  canoe  was  soon  righted,  and  the  man’s  escape  with 
his  life  was  considered  hardly  worth  talking  about. 

We  had  not  sailed  far  along  the  pali,  when  we  came  near 
sharing  a similar  fate.  By  some  careless  maneuver  of  the  natives, 
the  out-rigger,  which  serves  to  balance  the  canoe,  rose  clear  out 
of  the  water.  In  a moment  more,  if  all  hands  had  not  thrown 
their  weight  on  that  side,  we  should  have  been  in  the  sea.  The 
natives,  however,  did  not  seem  to  notice  it,  and  they  took  the 
scolding  that  I gave  them  with  a most  provoking  indifference.  As 
the  canoe  passed  on,  the  cliffs  grew  more  and  more  lofty.  The 
sea  was  smooth  and  there  being  no  wind,  our  passage  was  pleas- 
ant, giving  us  an  opportunity  to  examine  the  varying  appearances 
of  the  pali.  The  sea  was  dashing  up  against  the  base  of  the  prec- 
ipice, and  roaring  through  the  caves,  which  have  been  worn  by 
the  constant  action  of  the  waves.  The  summit  of  the  mountain 
took  the  most  wild  and  fantastic  shapes.  Sometimes  sharp  spires 
shot  up  hundreds  of  feet,  and  again  a rounded  battlement  would 
present  its  front  like  a turreted  citadel  of  feudal  days,  and  then  a 
deep  valley  but  a few  rods  wide  might  be  seen,  shut  in  by  steep 
walls.  It  is  no  wonder  that  the  natives  give  credence  to  the  wild 
legends  which  are  connected  with  various  points  of  this  range. 
A few  of  these  I will  relate  as  they  were  repeated  to  me,  while  we 
sailed  along,  and  served  to  beguile  the  tediousness  of  the  voy- 
age. 

As  the  canoe  was  passing  a rock  that  seemed  blackened  by  vol- 
canic fires,  the  captain  gave  orders  to  stop,  and  to  paddle  close 
in  to  the  rocks.  As  we  drew  near,  he  pointed  out  an  arch  large 
enough  to  admit  a small  canoe.  The  water  within,  being  con- 
fined, was  agitated  so  that  I did  not  care  to  venture  in,  but  went 
near  enough  to  see  that  it  was  a kind  of  volcanic  chimney.  Its 
inner  walls  showed  the  effects  of  the  mighty  fires,  and  from  an 


aperture  on  the  top  of  the  bluff,  the  light  came  straggling  down, 
giving  the  place  a weird  look.  The  tradition  is  that  Pele  came  to 
these  Islands  from  some  foreign  land,  that  Kauai  was  the  first 
island  that  she  visited,  and  that  she  landed  at  the  very  spot  that 
I have  just  described.  She  tried  the  foundations  of  the  Island, 
to  ascertain  if  there  was  a sufficient  quantity  of  food  to  be  ob- 
tained, and  this  pit  or  chimney  is  the  place  where  she  descended. 
She  commenced  her  operations,  but  soon  found  that  the  water 
was  in  too  close  proximity  for  her  convenience.  For  she  and  old 
Neptune  were  deadly  enemies,  and  in  their  contests  exhibited 
the  fiercest  rage,  to  the  destruction  of  all  who  might  be  involved 
in  it.  Not  liking  this  situation,  she  moved  on  from  island  to 
island,  till  she  finally  settled  on  Hawaii. 

In  another  place  two  small,  upright  rocks  are  called  “the 
children,’’  who,  it  is  said,  wandered  up  to  the  heights,  and  there 
perished  from  thirst,  were  deified,  and  became  objects  of  wor- 
ship. 

One  place  is  pointed  out  as  the  scene  of  a comparatively  recent 
occurrence.  The  old  Governor,  Kaikioewa,  was  on  this  side  of 
the  island,  and  arrived  (I  believe)  by  an  inland  route  on  the 
summit  of  a very  precipitous  peak,  and  there  sat  down  to  drink 
awa.  While  enjoying  his  cup,  he  decided  that  he  must  have  a 
drink  of  water  from  a spring  some  hundred  feet  below  and 
despatched  a native  to  get  it.  The  native  knew  better  than  to 
offer  any  objection.  He  could  but  die  either  way.  A comrade 
offered  to  go  with  him,  and  together  they  descended  the  prec- 
ipice, and  climbed  back  again  in  safety.  Any  one  looking  at 
the  place  would  pronounce  the  feat  next  to  impossible. 

When  we  had  passed  about  two-thirds  of  the  pali  we  came  to  a 
little  bay  making  in  between  two  arms  or  points  of  land, on  the  shore 
of  which  we  noticed  several  canoes,  and  a few  miserable  huts.  As 
the  morning  was  well  advanced,  I consented  that  the  men  should 
land  to  refresh  themselves  with  rest  and  food,  and  while  they 
were  doing  this  I strolled  around  to  see  the  place.  It  would  an- 
swer well  for  a place  of  detention,  for  there  is  no  visible  way  of 
ingress  or  egress  except  by  water,  and  yet  there  is  a way  for  those 
who  have  sufficient  nerve  to  brave  the  danger.  As  we  came  along, 
I had  noticed  a sort  of  ladder  placed  against  the  face  of  the  cliff, 


6 


for  the  purpose  of  reaching  the  heights  above.  A native  presented 
himself  as  a guide,  and  I let  him  lead  the  way.  Starting  off,  I 
had  no  doubt  that  I was  going  to  ascend  the  ladder  at  once,  but  I 
had  taken  but  a few  steps  before  I found  myself  halting  and  re- 
connoitering.  The  way  which  had  appeared  so  easy,  now  showed 
itself  full  of  danger.  The  path  has  been  excavated  by  the  natives 
with  their  rude  tools,  from  the  face  of  an  overhanging  cliff.  It  is 
not  a level,  but  is  formed  like  a gouge  turned  edgewise,  so  that  one’s 
hold  is  very  precarious.  It  is  also  too  low  to  admit  of  any  other 
than  a stooping  posture,  and  I was  obliged  to  shuffle  along  with 
the  utmost  caution.  My  guide  seemed  quite  at  home,  as  he  stood 
upright  outside  of  me,  with  his  body  projecting  beyond  the  sur- 
face of  the  cliff,  and  encouraged  me  on.  I had  taken  off  my 
shoes,  and  by  degrees  had  worked  myself  two-thirds  past,  when  T 
rested  for  a survey.  There  I was,  my  chief  support  a little  pro- 
jecting stone,  not  sufficient  to  afford  a hold  for  my  whole  foot, 
and  my  hands  clinging  with  a death  grasp  to  the  rock,  and  in 
this  situation  overhanging  a gulf,  that  was  foaming  and  boiling, 
as  the  surf  broke  over  the  rocks  some  sixty  or  seventy  feet  below 
me,  and  which  would  have  proved  my  death  place,  if  I had  made 
the  least  mistake  or  slip.  I had  strong  curiosity  to  go  forward, 
but  discretion  prevailed,  and  I returned.  I was  then  told  that 
few  white  men  had  gone  as  far  as  I had,  and  .that  none  had  ever 
passed  up  the  ladder.  Taking  a less  dangerous  standpoint,  I 
took  occasion  to  examine  the  ladder.  It  is  made  of  trunks  of  two 
cocoanut  trees,  one  of  which  stands  against  the  cliff,  and  the 
other  out  from  it,  like  planting  the  side  of  a ladder  against  a 
house.  The  outer  stick  is  well  secured  with  ropes,  and  is  the 
only  means  of  communication  between  above  and  below.  The 
natives  pass  up  by  it,  even  with  a load,  as  unconcerned  as  if  pass- 
ing by  the  best  bridge.  It  is  surprising  to  see  even  the  children 
pass  it  free  and  unconcerned,  as  if  on  level  ground.  .1  can  only 
wonder  that  there  is  not  an  accident  every  day. 

A few  rods  back  from  the  beach  rise  the  cliffs,  in  some  places 
perpendicular  for  500  feet,  forming  an  amphitheater.  Along  the 
base  on  one  side  are  ranged  the  houses,  which  form  a striking 
contrast  with  the  black  mass  of  rock  rising  behind  them.  All 
their  food  comes  from  above,  where  it  is  said  there  is  a fine  valley, 


7 


(Nualolo),  which  the  feet  of  white  men  have  never  profaned. 
Here,  shut  out  from  all  intruders,  they  live  in  peace  and  happi- 
ness, such  as  it  is — pleasure  today — borrow  no  thought  for  to- 
morrow . 

When  His  Majesty  passes  around  the  island,  he  stops  here  for 
a part  or  the  whole  of  the  night,  to  see  an  exhibition  of  fire  works, 
got  up  for  his  entertainment.  It  consists  in  throwing  light  poles, 
which  have  been  set  on  fire,  from  a lofty  peak  (Ivamaile)  over- 
looking the  sea.  If  skillfully  thrown,  they  will  go  a long  distance, 
making  a pretty  show.  The  natives  sometimes  take  a large  bird, 
and  set  it  off  with  some  burning  substance  attached  to  it. 

This  little  bay  is  the  gathering  place  for  canoes  passing  between 
Waimea  and  Hanalei,  as  well  as  for  those  that  go  over  to  the  is- 
land of  Niihau,  which  can  be  seen  here  at  a distance  of  about  25 
miles. 

Having  spent  about  an  hour  at  this  place,  we  again  took  our 
seats  in  the  canoe,  and  continued  our  voyage  towards  Waimea. 
Our  company  was  now  increased  to  four  canoes,  ours  being  the 
largest,  and  there  was  something  of  a contest  as  to  which  should 
lead,  but  I believe  that  when  so  inclined,  we  could  distance  the 
others.  The  three  other  canoes  were  bound  for  Niihau.  One  of 
them  was  quite  small,  containing  only  tljree  persons,  a man  and 
two  women,  who  handled  their  paddles  like  professional  rowers. 
The  top  of  the  canoe  was  covered  with  mats  firmly  secured,  with 
openings  left  just  large  enough  to  admit  their  bodies,  but  at  best 
it  was  a slight  affair  to  stand  the  rough  seas  in  the  channel. 

As  we  were  passing  by  a very  high  bank,  I noticed  the  figure 
of  a native  sketched  upon  it.  This  was  very  distinct,  its  limbs, 
its  brown  skin  and  a white  cloth  wrapped  around  its  loins,  and 
reminded  me  of  rocks  found  at  home,  which  had  been  marked  by 
the  Indians.  I was  quite  surprised  when  a shrill  whistle  and  a 
beckoning  movement  of  one  arm  dispelled  the  illusion.  It  was  a 
young  native  who  was  standing  against  the  face  of  the  rock, 
watching  us. 

After  paddling  five  or  six  hours,  including  stops,  we  passed  the 
further  extremity  of  the  Palis  in  safety,  and  the  whole  appearance 
of  the  land  immediately  changed — from  lofty  and  fantastic  peaks 
and  precipices  to  a barren,  uninteresting  sand  beach,  on  which 


8 


we  tried  to  land  for  water,  but  found  the  surf  too  heavy.  The 
canoemen  had  shirked  their  work  and  we  were  much  behind  the 
usual  time  for  the  passage.  Meanwhile  there  was  not  a breath  of 
wind,  the  sun  was  pouring  down  his  scorching  rays,  and  the  sea 
like  a mirror  reflected  them  with  blinding  intensity.  The  men, 
however,  seemed  perfectly  indifferent  as  to  the  length  of  the  voy- 
age. For  an  hour  we  had  a most  disagreeable  sail  along  a monot- 
onous sand  flat. 

At  last  we  came  in  sight  of  the  cocoanut  trees  near  Waimea, 
and  I urged  the  men,  but  in  vain.  Suddenly  a strong  wind  arose. 
The  sea  was  soon  running  very  high  and  covered  with  white-caps, 
and  every  few  minutes  it  broke  over  us,  half  filling  the  canoe.  It 
did  no  good  to  talk  to  the  men,  although  I offered  them  a re- 
ward— they  were  criminals , and  seemed  indifferent  to  life  or 
death.  It  having  become  dangerous  to  proceed,  I ordered  that 
the  canoe  should  be  beached,  which  was  done  with  difficulty  and 
danger,  but  we  were  safe.  Waimea  was  nine  miles  away,  and 
the  distance  had  to  be  walked. 

About  4 o’clock  p.  m.  I arrived,  tired  and  hungry,  at  the 
hospitable  residence  of  Rev.  S.  Whitney,  the  missionary  of  this 
station,  where  a most  cordial  Avelcome,  a good  bath  and  a warm 
supper  did  much  to  refresh  me.  I had  been  twelve  hours  in  the 
canoe,  where  I could  neither  lie  down  nor  sit  up  with  any  degree 
of  comfort,  and  as  I had  expected  to  be  at  Waimea  to  breakfast, 
I had  not  brought  any  food  with  me  except  a few  dry  crackers. 
Besides,  after  the  wind  rose  and  particularly  in  getting  ashore,  I 
was  wet  through. 

But  after  a good  night’s  rest  I rose  quite  refreshed.  After 
breakfast  Mr.  Whitney  showed  me  his  vineyard,  which  is  the  best 
on  this  island.  The  first  plants  were  introduced  by  the  Russians. 


The  History  of  the  Hawaiian  Mission 
Press,  with  a Bibliography  of  the 
Earlier  Publications. 

By  Howard  M.  Ballou  and  George  R.  Carter. 


Although  the  first  missionaries  to  the  Hawaiian  Islands  were 
accompanied  by  a printer,  Mr.  Elisha  Loomis,  who  brought  with 
him  a press  and  several  fonts  of  type,  nothing  was  printed  there 
for  nearly  two  j^ears.  In  a joint  letter  of  the  missionaries,  dated 
Feb.  1,  1822,  they  say: 

“ We  are  happy  to  announce  to  you  that,  on  the  first  Monday  of 
January  ( 1822 ) , we  commenced  printing,  and,  with  great  satis- 
faction, have  put  the  first  eight  pages  of  the  Owhyhee  spelling- 
book  into  the  hands  of  our  pupils,  copies  of  which  we  now  trans- 
mit to  you  for  the  examination  of  the  committee  and  as  little 
articles  of  curiosity  from  these  dark  isles.  By  the  next  convey- 
ance we  hope  to  send  complete  copies  with  a preface.  The  edition 
will  be  small,  about  500  copies.  We  should  be  obliged  if  the 
committee  should  suggest  alterations  and  amendments  from  a 
perusal  of  the  first  eight  pages.” 

A more  detailed  account  of  this  first  operation  of  the  press,  as 
described  by  one  of  the  participants,  Mr.  James  Hunnewell,  is 
given  in  the  Hawaiian  Club  Papers. 

“The  first  printing  press  at  the  Hawaiian  Islands  was  imported 
by  the  American  missionaries,  and  landed  from  the  brig  Thaddens, 
at  Honolulu,  in  April,  1820.  It  was  not  unlike  the  first  used  by 
Benjamin  Franklin,  and  was  set  up  in  a thatched  house  standing 
a few  fathoms  from  the  old  mission  frame  house,  but  was  not  put 
in  operation  until  the  afternoon  of  January  7,  1822.  At  this 
inauguration  there  were  present  his  Excellency  Governor  Kia- 
moku  (Kalanimoku)*,  a chief  of  the  first  rank,  with  his  retinue; 
some  other  chiefs  and  natives;  Rev.  Hiram  Bingham,  missionary; 
Mr.  Loomis,  printer,  (who  had  just  completed  setting  it  up) ; 
James  Hunnewell;  Captain  William  Henry  and  Captain  Masters 


*Should  be  Keaumoku  (Gov.  Cox),  not  Kalanimoku  (Gov.  Pitt). 


IO 


(Americans).  Of  these  named,  Mr.  Bingham  and  Mr.  Hunne- 
well  are  the  only  survivors  (August,  1868).  Mr.  Loomis  “set 
up”  Lesson  I.  of  a spelling-book.  Iviamoku  (Kalanimoku)  was 
instructed  how  to  work  the  press,  and  struck  off  the  first  impres- 
sion printed  in  the  Hawaiian  Islands.  Mr.  Loomis  struck  off  the 
second  and  Mr.  Hunnewell  the  third.  The  last  mentioned  im- 
pression has  been  given  by  Mr.  Hunnewell  to  the  “American 
Board,”  and  is  now  in  the  Mission  collection,  Pemberton  Square, 
Boston.  It  is  a sheet  four  by  six  inches,  headed  “Lesson  I.,” 
beneath  which  are  twelve  lines,  each  having  five  separate  syllables 
of  two  letters.  This  was  certainly  the  first  printing  at  the 
Hawaiian  Islands,  and  probably  the  first  on  the  shores  of  the 
North  Pacific  Ocean.  This  account  is  from  Mr.  Hunnewell  (who 
visited  the  islands  before  the  Thaddeus,  in  which  vessel,  also,  he 
arrived  with  the  press),  and  is  transcribed  from  his  personal  ex- 
planations, and  from  his  notes  made  at  the  time  of  the  event 
described.” 

1.  Lesson  I. 

[Honolulu:  Jan.  7,  1822.]  Broadside.  (6x4). 

Not  seen.  Subsequently  printed  on  pages  2 and  3 of  the 
spelling-book. 

An  unpublished  account  of  the  same  event  from  the  journal  of 
the  missionaries  in  a manuscript  volume  in  the  library  of  the  A. 
B.  C.  F.  M.  is  of  like  purport. 

Monday,  Jan.  7.  A day  of  special  interest.  Commenced,  as 
the  first  printing  ever  done  in  the  Sandwich  Islands,  the  opera- 
tions of  the  printing  press,  having  fitted  up  for  the  purpose  one  of 
the  thatched  houses  built  for  us  by  the  government.  Gov.  Cox, 
who  seems  to  take  as  friendly  and  lively  an  interest  in  our  work 
as  any  of  the  windward  chiefs,  was  present,  and  assisted  with  his 
own  hands  in  composing  a line  or  two  and  in  working  a few 
copies  of  the  first  lesson  of  Owhyhee  syllables,  having  the  com- 
posing stick  put  into  his  hands,  and  being  shown  when  to  take 
and  how  to  place  the  types,  and  then  to  pull  the  press.  Several 
gentlemen  were  present,  Captain  Masters,  Captain  Henry,  Mr. 
Hunnewell  from  America,  and  Mr.  Butler,  a resident  of  Mawe, 
who  all  took  an  interest  in  this  novel  scene,  while  one  of  the 
highest  chiefs  of  these  islands  aided  in  commencing  the  printing 
of  his  native  tongue.  He  too  congratulated  himself  upon  the 
achievement.  But  our  interest  is  in  view  of  future  and  distant 
results,  which  cannot  but  be  happy. 

Jan.  10.  The  King  returned  from  Wititi  to  Hanaroorah. 
Brother  Loomis  printed  his  name  in  large  elegant  capitals  in  two 


forms,  Rihoriho  and  Liholiho,  and  showed  them  to  him  to  have 
him  settle  the  question  whether  “r”  or  “1”  should  be  used  in 
spelling  his  name  and  he  decidedly  chose  the  former. 

Jan.  11.  Boka  and  his  wife  made  us  a friendly  call  j' 

and  examined  the  printing  office  with  marks  of  approbation. 
Brother  Loomis  printed  his  name  also  in  large  capitals  to  compli- 
ment him  and  to  show  him  the  use  of  types. 

Jan.  12.  For  the  encouragement  of  punctual  attendance, 
diligence  and  good  conduct  in  our  pupils,  Brother  Loomis  printed 
a supply  of  several  kinds  of  tickets  of  approbation,  some  of  which 
were  given  out  at  the  close  of  the  school  today  and  with  which  the 
children  were  delighted. 

Jan.  17.  Six  pages  (of  the  spelling  book)  are  nearly  set  up. 

2.  [Cards  of  approbation] . 

[Honolulu:  Jan.  12,  1822.] 

Not  seen. 

3.  (No  title  page.)  The  alphabet. 

(No  imprint.)  [Honolulu:  Jan.  1822.]  16pp.  8vo.  in 

half-sheets.  (6)4xJ)-  500  copies. 

A unique  copy  of  this  first  spelling-book,  just  discovered  by  Mr. 
Westervelt  among  the  archives  of  the  Hawaiian  Evangelical  As- 
sociation, is  found  to  differ  from  the  second  edition,  a cut  of  which 
is  printed  opposite  page  19,  in  the  following  ways: 

Page  1,  third  line,  Owliy.  instead  of  Hawaii. 

Page  2,  several  hyphens  changed  to  dashes  in  the  later  edition, 
and  the  columns  of  lesson  I.  set  much  closer  at  first  than  in  Sep- 
tember. 

He  has  also  detected  a minute  difference  between  copies  of  the 
September  edition,  the  last  word  on  the  fifth  page  being  “he  lii” 
in  some  instances  and  “he  li”  in  others. 

Which  of  the  thatched  houses  shown  in  the  illustration  of  the 
first  establishment  of  the  missionaries  wras  used  as  the  first  print- 
ing office  is  not  stated.  The  drawing  is  made  by  Mr.  James  A. 
Wilder  from  an  outline  sketch  in  a volume  of  manuscript  letters 
in  the  library  of  the  A.  B.  C.  F.  M.  to  which  is  appended  the 
following  description : 

“A  view  of  the  missionary  establishment  at  Hanaroorah, 
Woahoo,  taken  Oct.  11,  1820,  by  Dexter  Chamberlain. 

Explanation.  No.  1 is  the  house  for  public  worship,  school 


12 


and  social  prayer,  and  a part  of  it  affords  a study  and  lodging 
room  for  Mr.  B.  It  is  28  ft.  long  and  20  wide,  has  two  doors 
and  three  windows.  The  window  that  appears  at  the  south  end 
looks  out  towards  the  open  sea,  which  is  about  a mile  distant. 
The  door  at  the  opposite  end  opens  towards  the  mountain  and 
towards  the  road  leading  from  the  village  eastward  to  Wititi. 

No.  2 is  a dwelling  house,  it  has  one  door  and  three  windows, 
two  rooms,  one  for  a lodging  room  for  Mrs.  Loomis,  and  the 
other  for  orphan  girls. 

No.  3 is  a dwelling  house  occupied  by  Capt.  Chamberlain  and 
family,  it  has  one  door,  four  windows  and  three  rooms. 

No.  4 is  a store  house  about  30  ft.  square,  built  like  the  others 
in  the  same  line  and  with  the  same  materials,  viz.,  round  poles 
from  1 to  8 inches  in  diameter  and  thatched  with  grass,  super- 
added  to  which  are  walls  and  a covering  of  mortar  made  of  clay 
and  grass  to  secure  it  from  fire  and. from  rogues. 

No.  5 is  a dwelling  house  now  occupied  by  Dr.  Wiliems  and 
unfortunate  British  seamen,  but  intended  for  a lodging  house  for 
John  Honorii  and  orphan  boys.  (Not  shown  in  the  frontispiece.) 

No.  6 is  a small  cooking  house  where  the  stoves  and  a large 
boiler  are  set  up.  This  is  covered  with  mortar. 

No.  7 is  a.  Ranai  or  a long  open  building  connecting  the  doors 
of  these  houses,  having  itself  three  entrances,  two  on  the  south 
side  and  one  to  the  east  end. 

No.  8,  the  spring  of  water.” 

Prof.  Alexander  states  that  the  sketch  seems  to  have  been  taken 
from  a point  southwest  or  seaward  from  the  houses  looking  in- 
land. The  road  mentioned  is  no  doubt  identical  with  King  street 
and  the  existing  row  of  ancient  buildings  now  preserved  by  the 
Cousins’  Society  probably  occupy  the  former  site  of  the  first  mis- 
sionary houses. 

4.  [Port  regulations.] 

[Honolulu,  March  9,  1822.] 

Not  seen.  Title  from  “Memorandum  of  printing  at  the 
mission  press,  Oahu,”  a manuscript  note-book  in  the  archives  of 
the  Hawaiian  Evangelical  Association,  containing  15  pages  of 
items  printed  up  to  1828. 

5.  (No  title  page. ) The  alphabet. 

(No  imprint.)  [Honolulu:  Sept.  1822.]  16  pp.  8vo.  in 

half-sheets.  (6)4X4).  2000  copies. 

Second  edition  of  3.  Two  varieties. 


*3 


This  spelling-book  remained  the  only  text-book  for  use  by  the 
pupils  until  the  end  of  the  following  year,  a scarcity  of  paper 
preventing  a new  edition.  It  contained,  besides  a copious  list  of 
words,  several  lessons  in  reading,  exhibiting  some  of  the  leading 
doctrines  and  precepts  of  the  gospel. 

On  Aug.  30,  1823,  the  missionaries  write: 

‘‘  Completed  the  walls  of  the  printing  house,  which  when 
covered  will  be  ready  for  use.  The  building  has  cost  250  Doll, 
and  will  probably  require  50  more  to  complete  it.  The  walls, 
snug  and  firm,  are  made  of  old  coral  dug  in  the  plain  a few  rods 
from  our  door,  and  laid  in  mortar  made  of  the  common  soil. 
The  dimensions  are  28  feet  by  17,  which  will  afford  room  for  two 
presses  with  their  variety  of  apparatus,  when  the  Scriptures  shall 
be  ready  to  be  printed.  We  have  sent  to  Canton  for  tile  to  cover 
the  roof.” 

This  is  undoubtedly  the  little  coral  building  still  standing  Ewa 
of  the  old  Mission  Home,  as  its  dimensions  correspond  with  the 
above  description. 

On  Oct.  23,  1823,  they  write: 

“ We  are  about  to  put  to  press  within  a few  days  an  edition  of 
twenty  hymns  prepared  principally  by  Mr.  Ellis.  We  purpose 
also  to  print  a catechism  and  a tract.” 

6.  [W.  Ellis  and  H.  Bingham.]  Na  / himeni  Hawaii;/ he 

me  / ori  ia  Iehova,/  ke  / Akua  mau./  ( Quotation , 3 lines , Davida .) 

Oahu:/  paiia  i ka  mea  pai  palapala  a ka / poe  misionari./  1823./ 
60  pp.  21  mo.  in  quarter-sheets.  (4/4x2%).  2000  copies.  Old 

orthography. 

The  Hawaiian  hymns:  for  praise  to  Jehova,  the  eternal  God. 
(Quotation,  3 lines,  Psalms.) 

Oahu:  printed  upon  the  thing  printing  paper,  by  the  mission- 
ary people. 

This  first  Hawaiian  hymn-book,  the  joint  production  of  Messrs. 
Ellis  and  Bingham,  contained  47  “songs  to  Jehova,  the  true 
God.”  A large  proportion  of  the  hymns  were  original,  but 
among  them  were  translations  of  Watts’  50th  psalm,  of  Pope’s 
ode,  “ The  dying  Christian  to  his  soul,”  “ Owhyhee’s  idols  are 
no  more,”  (originally  Taheite’s),  the  jubilee  hymn,  several 
choruses  from  Handel’s  Messiah,  &c. 


14 


The  book  also  contained  translations  of  more  than  forty  select 
passages  of  scripture,  one  as  a heading  to  each  hymn.  It  was 
used  somewhat  as  a school-book. 

From  a letter  written  by  Mr.  Loomis,  Oahu,  Dec.  31,  1823,  we 
learn  that  it  had  at  first  been  contemplated  to  print  the  Hawaii- 
an language  with  accented  vowels. 

He  writes: 

‘ ‘ I am  sorry  to  inform  you  that  the  type  which  you  forwarded 
to  us  by  the  Octavia  are  of  no  service,  they  being  of  a size  much 
larger  than  those  which  we  had  here  before.  The  font  of  types 
which  we  have  here  is  what  is  called  small  pica,  and  it  was  for 
small  pica  accents  (accented  vowels)  that  we  wrote.  The  accented 
vowels  were  received  by  the  Octavia  but  they  are  of  the  size 
called  pica  and  of  course  much  too  large  to  be  used  with  small 
pica. 

‘ ‘ In  consequence  of  this  mistake  we  are  under  the  necessity  of 
printing  our  books  without  any  characters  to  denote  the  differ- 
ent sounds  of  the  vowels,  a proper  distinction  of  which  is  very 
desirable.” 

On  Feb.  27,  1824,  the  brethren  held  a meeting  for  consultation 
with  a view  to  fix  on  some  uniform  methods  of  distributing  the 
hymns  and  other  books  which  might  be  published  for  the  people. 
After  various  arguments  it  was  unanimously  resolved  that  ele- 
mentary books  and  the  first  edition  of  the  Hawaiian  hymns  be 
distributed  gratuitously  among  the  people,  but  that  efforts  be 
made  to  interest  the  chiefs  and  people  in  the  business  of  furnish- 
ing themselves  with  books  by  defraying  the  expense. 

On  March  3,  1824,  it  was  “Voted,  that  on  the  publication  of 
any  new  work  at  the  mission  press,  within  two  years  from  this 
date,  each  of  the  brethren  be  allowed,  for  his  own  private  use, 
twelve  copies;  and  that  our  fellow  laborers  in  the  Society  Islands 
and  Messrs.  Tyerman  and  Bennett  be  presented  each  with  a copy, 
the  Societies  of  Inquiry  Respecting  Missions  in  the  theological 
seminaries  at  Andover  and  Princeton  three  copies  each,  the 
American  Board  of  Missions  three  dozen  copies,  and  the  Foreign 
Mission  School  at  Cornwall  six  copies.” 

None  of  these  libraries,  however,  now  contain  any  examples  of 
the  earliest  printing  and  but  scattering  examples  throughout  the 
first  decade. 

A paper  drawn  up  on  Mar.  29,  1824,  by  Capt.  F.  Arthur,  and 


i5 


signed  by  a number  of  respectable  masters  of  whaleships  then  in 
port,  with  a view  to  suppress  intemperance  and  encourage 
exemplary  deportment  among  those  engaged  in  the  whale  fishery, 
was  presented  by  a committee  of  their  number,  Capt.  J.  Allen, 
Capt.  G.  W.  Gardner,  and  Capt.  S.  Chase,  with  a request  that  it 
might  be  printed  in  order  to  furnish  the  different  ships  of  the 
fleet  each  with  a copy.  The  missionaries  gladly  undertook  to 
print  the  document,  and  in  connection  with  it  another  paper 
drawn  up  by  one  of  them,  intended  to  explain  more  clearly  its 
design  and  to  recommend  its  object  more  fully. 

7.  [F.  Arthur.  “A  hand-bill  signed  by  11  shipmasters, 
with  a design  to  check  among  their  crews  the  excessive  use  of 
ardent  spirits.] 

[Honolulu:  March  29,  1824.]  Broadside. 

Not  seen. 

8.  Spectator.  Good  devised. 

Oahu,  (S.  I.):  March  31,  1824.  Broadside.  (9]Ax7 %) . 
Printed  twice  on  each  sheet. 

In  the  Journal  of  the  Mission,  March,  1824,  is  written: 

‘ ‘ The  two  editions  of  the  spelling  book  being  about  exhausted 
and  multitudes  of  people  at  the  different  stations  being  ready  to 
receive  books  who  cannot  now  be  accommodated,  the  necessity 
for  printing  more  is  very  obvious.  But  not  having  a sufficient 
quantity  of  printing  paper  to  spare  for  an  edition  of  the  spelling 
book  large  enough  to  meet  the  demand  for  the  ensuing  year,  we 
concluded  to  employ  what  paper  we  could  spare  in  printing  a 
little  elementary  work  condensed  into  four  pages  which  should 
contain  what  is  necessary  to  teach  a pupil  to  read  and  spell  and 
contain  also  some  useful  maxims  and  precepts  and  a few  select 
portions  of  sacred  Scripture. 

“We  are  happy  to  state  that  Bold  when  he  embarked  for 
England  left  a small  quantity  of  cartridge  paper  for  the  purpose 
of  printing  books  for  his  people,  whom  he  wished  to  have  in- 
structed. This  will  answer  admirably  for  our  purpose  and  will 
of  itself  give  1500  copies  of  the  little  Avork,  that  is,  half  the 
edition  of  3000  copies.  Probably  cartridge  paper  or  log  paper 
would  on  the  whole  be  the  most  economical  for  elementary  books 
of  any  that  could  be  furnished  for  the  natives,  as  it  is  fair,  strong, 
and  durable  and  its  thickness  is  no  objection  but  a recommenda- 
tion to  it  for  small  books  of  only  a few  pages  which  are  designed 
to  be  worn  out  by  use.” 


In  April,  1824,  Opiia  sent  some  native  tapa  to  make  the  ex- 
periment of  its  fitness  for  printing,  and  two  or  three  copies  of  the 
hymns  were  printed  on  tapa. 

On  April  18,  1824,  Mr.  Loomis  finished  printing  an  edition  of 
3000  copies  of  the  elementary  lessons  for  schools,  prepared  jointly 
by  Messrs.  Bingham  and  Ellis.  It  contained  the  alphabet,  Arabic 
figures,  specimens  of  Roman  numerals,  exercises  in  spelling  from 
monosyllables  to  words  of  ten  syllables,  with  a due  proportion  of 
exercises  in  reading,  including  about  thirty  select  verses  of  script- 
ure, and  a doxology  to  the  blessed  Trinity.  Half  of  the  edition 
was  printed  on  cartridge  paper  presented  by  Boki  on  his  embark- 
ation for  England. 

9.  (No  title  page.)  Ka  be-a-ba. 

(No  imprint.)  [Honolulu:  April  13,  1824.]  4 pp.  (6x3%). 

3000  copies. 

10.  (No  title  page.)  Ka  be-a-ba. 

(No  imprint.)  [Honolulu:  1824.]  4 pp.  (6x3%).  4000 

copies. 

Second  edition  of  9. 

In  October,  1824,  Mr.  Bingham  began  a translation  of  the 
Gospel  of  Matthew,  spending  a portion  of  each  day  in  comparing 
the  Latin,  English  and  Tahitian  versions  with  the  original  Greek, 
and  endeavoring  to  produce  an  Hawaiian  version  as  clear  and 
correct  as  the  genius  of  the  language  and  his  acquaintance  with  it 
would  admit.  He  completed  the  first  chapter  on  Oct.  21,  1824, 
after  three  weeks’  labor. 

At  Lahaina,  Mr.  Richards  also  commenced  on  the  same  Gospel. 
In  the  morning,  he  took  Knapp’s  testament,  Schleusner’s  lexicon 
and  a few  other  helps,  and  strictly  examined  the  passage  he 
desired  to  translate.  In  the  afternoon,  he  gave  the  passage  to 
Maro  in  the  Hawaiian  language,  and  Taua,  the  Tahitian,  did  the 
same  from  the  Tahitian  translation.  Then  Maro  returned  it  to 
Mr.  Richards  in  pure  Hawaiian.  This  was  written  down  for 
further  inquiry  and  to  be  read  to  the  chiefs  and  people  with  a 
view  to  ascertain  how  they  understood  it.  Other  translations 
were  made  at  different  stations,  Messrs.  Thurston  and  Bishop 
being  assisted  by  Gov.  Adams.  The  several  versions  were  then 


17 


compared  and  criticized  and  a standard  copy  derived  there- 
from. 

The  details  of  the  final  revision  are  supplied  by  a letter  from 
Mr.  Chamberlain  dated  Sept.  11,  1827. 

The  work  of  revising  and  correcting  the  Gospel  of  Matthew  was 
first  assigned  to  Messrs.  Bingham  and  Richards,  and  it  was 
hoped  that  the  business  might  be  attended  to  while  the  brethren 
were  together  at  the  general  meeting  [Sept.  1826],  but  Mr. 
Richards,  being  under  the  necessity  of  returning  to  his  station 
before  much  progress  had  been  made,  his  place  was  supplied  by 
Messrs.  Thurston  and  Bingham;  but  a few  chapters  only  were 
revised  before  the  brethren  were  called  to  this  place  [Honolulu] 
to  meet  the  gentlemen  who  replied  to  our  circular. 

“ Nothing  could  be  done  while. they  were  together  at  this  place, 
and  subsequently  the  various  and  arduous  duties  of  this  station 
occupying  so  much  of  Mr.  Bingham’s  time  and  attention,  it  be- 
came necessary  to  send  the  manuscript  to  Hawaii  to  be  revised  by 
Messrs.  Thurston,  Bishop  and  Ely.” 

On  Nov.  17,  1824,  Mr.  Loomis  printed  a handbill  prepared  by 
Captains  Clasby  and  Paddack  for  those  masters  and  officers  of 
ships  who  were  ready  to  agree  to  prohibit  females  from  visiting 
their  ships  for  the  purpose  of  prostitution.  It  was  signed  by  the 
masters  and  officers  of  four  whaling  ships  lying  at  Lahaina,  viz., 
the  Hydaspe,  the  Thames,  the  Enterprise,  and  the  Aurora. 

11.  (No  title.  First  line  in  bold  type.)  The  suppression  of 
vice  is  at  once  a duty  and.  (Dated)  Lahaina,  Maui,  (Sandwich 
Islands,)  Nov.  5,  1824. 

[Honolulu:  Nov.  17,  1824.] 

12.  Blank  bills  of  lading  for  Capt.  Wildes. 

[Honolulu:  Dec.  9,  1824.]  200  copies. 

On  March  14,  1825,  the  missionaries  at  Honolulu  write: 

‘ ‘ Karaimoku  has  recently  encouraged  the  printing  of  a new 
spelling-book  or  a new  set  of  elementary  lessons,  consisting  of 
eight  pages,  which  is  to  go  to  press  this  week,  of  which  we  shall 
now  print  10,000  copies.  We  should  have  had  it  larger  had  we 
paper  sufficient.  Karaimoku  would  send  today  to  Canton  for 
paper  if  the  ships  should  return  here,  but  this  is  doubtful.  Our 
last  elementary  lessons,  of  which  we  printed  about  7000  copies, 
have  been  nearly  all  distributed  and  new  applications  are  daily 
made  for  more.” 


1 8 

On  April  8,  1825,  the  Journal  of  the  mission  records  as  follows : 

Put  to  press  a new  spelling  book  or  tract  of  new  spelling 
and  reading  lessons  containing  eight  pages.  The  reasons  for 
printing  a neAV  one  are  briefly  thus:  The  last  one  was  found  to 

be  far  too  limited  and  we  desired  to  add  as  much  new  evangelical 
matter  as  possible  to  the  little  that  has  been  before  printed  and 
in  the  hands  of  some  thousands  of  people.  The  reason  for  making 
this  so  small  is  simply  the  great  scarcity  of  paper  compared  with 
the  number  of  those  who  are  ready  to  be  taught.  As  we  obtain 
more  adequate  supplies  for  elementary  books  we  shall  make  ad- 
ditions in  the  form  of  separate  tracts,  of  which  we  can  print  and 
distribute  a smaller  or  larger  number  according  to  our  means  and 
according  to  the  pressure  of  the  wants.  The  tract  will  be  num- 
bered 1,  2,  3,  4,  &c.,  and  the  beginners  throughout  the  nation 
will  receive  only  the  first,  that  is  the  spelling  and  reading  lessons; 
those  more  advanced  the  others,  in  succession,  according  to  their 
progress  and  our  ability  to  supply  them.” 

13.  (No  title  page.)  Ka  be-a-ba. 

{At  end)  Oahu:  printed  at  the  mission  press — April,  1825. 

8 pp.  (6x4).  20,000  copies. 

From  the  manuscript  minutes  of  the  general  meeting  of  the 
missionaries,  May,  1825: 

Wed.,  May  18.  The  general  meeting  met  according  to  ad- 
journment and  upon  the  question  “ Is  it  expedient  to  publish  a 
scripture  tract  and  catechism?” 

Motioned  that  a scripture  tract  be  published  as  soon  as  practic- 
able . 

Motioned  that  Brother  Bingham  be  requested  to  prepare  one 
for  the  press. 

Motioned  that  a catechism  be  prepared  and  published  as  soon 
as  practicable. 

May  19.  Resolved  that  the  improved  doctrinal  Tahitian  cate- 
chism be  considered  the  basis  of  the  one  now  to  be  prepared. 

Motioned  that  a committee  of  three  be  appointed  to  prepare 
the  catechism  for  publication.  Messrs.  Bingham,  Bishop  and 
Loomis  were  appointed. 

The  committee  was  afterwards  enlarged  and  Mr.  Ely  added  to 
it.  These  were  immediately  prepared  and  printed  prior  to  June 
21,  the  date  of  the  departure  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bishop  and  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Ely  for  Lahaina.  The  catechism  contained  seventy-one 
questions  and  answers  on  the  most  important  doctrines  of  the 
Bible. 


THE  ALPHABET. 


V-OWELS. 

SO USD. 

Names. 

Ex.  in  Eng. 

Ex.  in  Hawaii. 

cl a 

as  in  father , 

la — sun. 

Ee-.-a 

— ids, 

liemo — cast  off. 

I i — e 

— marine , 

marie — quiet. 

0 

1 
• 

© 

o 

4 

— oner, 

cue — sweet. 

UU  —OO 

— rale, 

nui — large. 

■CONSONANTS. 

Names. 

CONSONANTS. 

.Kama' 

B 

b 

be 

N 

n 

D 

d 

de 

P 

....  

P 

pi 

H 

h 

he 

R 

r 

ro 

K 

k 

ke 

T 

t 

ti 

L 

1 

la 

y 

V 

yi 

M 

m 

mu 

Ww 

we 

The  following 

are  used  in 

spelling 

form 

:;re-  words 

F f 

fe 

S s 

SC 

G g 

ge 

Yy 

yi 

1 


The  first  spelling  book ; Second  edition.  September,  1822.  (5,  p.  12). 


19 


14.  He  mau  kanawai,  / no  ke  ava  o Honoruru,  Oahu.  / 

Regulations  for  the  port  of  Honoruru,  Oahu. 

(Signed)  Karaimoku.  Oahu,  Sandwich  Islands,  June  2,  1825; 
Broadside.  (10x8). 

Hawaiian  and  English  in  parallel  columns. 

15.  (No  title  page.)  [No.  3.]  / He  ui  / no  ka  olelo  a ke 
Akua.  / 

{At  end,)  Oahu:  printed  at  the  mission  press. — June,  1825. 
8 pp.  (G/^xA)-  4,000  copies. 

Questions  of  the  Word  of  God.  (Catechism.) 

16.  (No  title  page.)  [No.  2.]  / He  olelo  a ke  Akua.  / 

{At  end,)  Oahu:  printed  at  the  mission  press. — June,  1825. 
4 pp.  (6%x4) . 7000  copies. 

A word  from  God. 

Described  in  the  Memorandum  of  Printing  as  “Selected  Script- 
ures, a supplement  to  the  spelling  book,  and  struck  off  on  the 
same  sheet  in  using  demy.”  * 

On  August  18,  1825,  Mr.  Loomis  informs  the  corresponding 
secretary : 

The  press  we  now  have  is  so  much  worn  in  the  screw  as  to 
render  it  impossible  to  take  an  even  impression,  and  as  the  screw 
is  cracked  we  know  not  how  soon  it  may  become  worthless.” 

On  Aug.  20,  1825,  Mr.  Bingham  writes  to  the  same  effect: 

Our  printing  press  is  materially  damaged  and  may  fail 
utterly  at  any  time.  The  nut  in  which  the  screw  plays  is  cracked 
quite  in  two.” 

Mr.  Loomis  asks  for  a supply  of  green  and  yellow  paper,  as 
the  natives  were  very  fond  of  covering  their  books  with  colored 
paper,  and  would  readily  give  potatoes  and  other  supplies  in  ex- 
change for  anything  of  the  sort. 

Mr.  Bingham,  writing  from  Oahu,  Aug.  30,  1825,  says: 

“ We  have  in  all  printed  more  than  16,000  copies  of  spelling 
books,  4000  copies  of  a small  scripture  tract  and  4000  copies  of  a 
catechism  on  the  most  important  doctrines  of  scripture.  These 
tracts  are  all  small  owing  to  a scarcity  of  paper.  The  reading 
lessons  of  each  spelling  book  or  tract  are  different  from  the  others, 
so  that  in  fact  five  tracts  have  been  printed  and  distributed 
among  some  thousands  of  the  people,  besides  the  first  edition  of 


20 


the  hymns  of  sixty  small  pages,  which  is  now  entirely  exhausted. 
We  have  endeavored  to  encourage  the  chiefs  to  purchase  paper  for 
printing  books.  Karaimoku  has  recently  purchased  twenty  reams 
of  foolscap  at  eight  dollars  a ream  for  elementary  books  for  his 
people.  We  have  been  obliged  also  in  many  instances  to  require 
a sheet  of  paper  in  exchange  for  a tract.” 

17.  (No  title.)  [No.  1.] 

(At  e?id,)  Oahu:  Printed  at  the  mission  press.  Oct.  1825.  8 

pp.  (6)^x4).  19,000  (?)  copies. 

18.  [The  100th  Psalm.] 

[Honolulu:  Nov.  16,  1825.] 

A card  printed  for  the  opening  of  the  church  built  by  Ivalai- 
moku  at  Honolulu. 

Not  seen.  Title  from  Memorandum  of  Printing. 

19.  [Port  regulations.] 

[Honolulu:  Nov.  17,  1825.] 

“ A large  handbill  in  English  and  Hawaii.” 

Not  seen.  Title  from  Memorandum  of  Printing  and  Loomis’ 
diary. 

20.  (No  title  page.)  [No.  4,]  / Ke  kanawai  o Iehova.  / 

(No  imprint.)  [Honolulu:  Dec.  1825.]  4 pp.  (5%x3%).  4000 
copies. 

The  laws  of  Jehova. 

“ The  Decalogue,  ordinances  and  the  Lord’s  Prayer.  A supple- 
ment to  the  catechism,  but  arranged  so  as  to  be  printed  on  the 
same  demy  sheet  when  obliged  to  use  that  paper  for  that  pur- 
pose . ’ ’ 

21.  [A  hand-bill  containing  the  Decalogue  and  fourteen  dis- 
tinguishing traits  of  Christian  character,  intended  particularly 
for  those  who  desire  baptism.] 

[Honolulu:  Dec.  1825.] 

Not  seen.  Title  from  Memorandum  of  Printing. 

22.  [A  circular  by  Kalaimoku,  containing  his  views  of  the 
word  of  God,  his  desire  to  serve  him  and  have  all  the  peo- 
ple serve  the  Lord  Jehova,  our  Lord  and  Savior.] 

[Honolulu:  Dec.  1825.] 

Not  seen.  Title  from  Memorandum  of  Printing. 


21 


23.  (No  title  page.)  [No.  5.]  Ka  manao  o na  arii. 

(No  imprint.)  [Honolulu:  Dec.  1825.]  8 pp.  3000  copies. 

Thoughts  of  the  chiefs. 

Compositions  by  the  higher  chiefs  and  their  sentiments  respect- 
ing Christianity.  This  book  was  not  valued  by  the  people,  nor 
much  read. 

24.  (No  title  page.)  [No.  3.]  / He  ui/ no  ka  olelo  o ke  Akua./ 

(At  end,)  Oahu:  printed  at  the  mission  press,  December, 

1825.  8 pp.  7500  copies. 

Questions  concerning  the  Word  of  God.  (Catechism.) 

Second  edition  of  15. 

25.  (No  title  page.)  [No.  4.]  Ke  kanawai  o Iehova. 

{At  end,)  Oahu:  printed  at  the  mission  press,  Jan.  1826. 
4 pp.  (6%x4.)  10,000  copies. 

The  laws  of  Jehova. 

Second  edition  of  20. 

A summary  of  the  printing  operations  is  found  in  a joint  letter, 
Oahu,  Mar.  10,  1826. 

‘ ‘ In  the  course  of  the  year  1825  five  small  new  tracts  in  the 
native  language  were  printed,  amounting  to  59,000  copies,  a large 
proportion  of  which  were  distributed  during  the  same  period.  Of 
tract  No.  1,  containing  the  elementary  lessons  for  spelling  and 
reading,  &c.,  with  select  passages  of  scripture,  and  which  made 
the  largest  part  of  the  above  sum,  41,000  copies  were  printed,  and 
nearly  all  distributed  over  a great  portion  of  the  whole  extent  of 
the  Sandwich  Islands.  There  has  been  and  still  is  a very  great 
demand  for  hymns.  The  second  edition  (10,000  copies)  is  now 
nearly  through  the  press.  This  will  exhaust  our  paper.” 

As  it  was  soon  evident  that  the  printing  office  was  too  small, 
an  addition  of  stone  was  commenced  late  in  1825.  It  was  two 
stories  high  and  30  by  19  feet  on  the  outside,  located,  according 
to  Dr.  Sereno  E.  Bishop,  on  the  Kawaiahao  Seminary  premises, 
fronting  King  St.,  opposite  the  old  Mission  House. 

26.  [W.  Ellis  and  H.  Bingham.]  He  / man  himeni,  / e / ori  ia 
Iehova,  / i / ke  Akua  mau./  {Quotation  three  lines,  Davida.)  / O 
ka  lua  keia  o ke  pai  ana./ 

Oahu : / Paiia  i ka  mea  pai  palapala  a ka  / poe  misionari./  1826./ 


22 


(Abend)  Oahu:  printed  at  the  mission  press.  60  pp.  24  mo. 
in  % sheets.  (5)^x2%).  10,000  copies. 

Second  edition  of  6. 

27.  On  writing-book  covers.  11  cuts  of  ships,  animals,  etc. 

Oahu,  paiia  Tune  1826.  ( On  back  cover,)  Ke  kanaka  maitai 

o Samaria.  (7  '^x6).  500  copies. 

The  good  Samaritan. 

28.  (No  title.)  [No.  1.] 

[Honolulu:  July,  1826.]  8 pp.  22,000  copies. 

Second  edition  of  17,  the  pi-a-pa  or  spelling  book.  Not  seen. 

29.  (No  title  page.)  [No.  4.]  Ke  kanawai  o Iehova. 

[Honolulu:  July,  1826.]  4 pp.  6000  copies. 

Third  edition  of  20  and  25. 

Mr.  Loomis  writes  on  July  27,  1826. 

The  subject  of  adopting  a uniform  system  of  spelling  had  often 
been  proposed,  but  always  some  person  or  persons  thought  it  should 
be  delayed.  About  a year  since  it  was  resolved  in  a general 
meeting  to  take  the  votes  of  all  the  members  of  the  mission  on 
the  subject.  The  result  is  that  of  the  eleven  members  eight  only 
voted,  and  these  eight  were  unanimous  in  wishing  to  cast  out  of 
the  alphabet  b and  d and  one  of  each  of  the  interchangeable 
letters.  Two  of  the  eight  votes,  however,  would  have  preferred 
retaining  the  r rather  than  the  /.  The  other  six  votes  were  unan- 
imous in  wishing  to  cast  out  the  r rather  than  the  l and  all  were 
unanimous  in  regard  to  the  other  letters.  Accordingly  in  what 
we  now  print  the  b,  d,  r,  t and  v will  not  be  found.  It  is  hoped 
we  shall  now  see  uniformity  in  spelling  Hawaiian  words  not  only 
here  but  in  foreign  countries.” 

30.  (No  title  page. ) Sandwich  Islands,  October  3,  1826.  To 
the  friends  of  civilization  and  Christianity. 

[Honolulu:  1826.]  3 pp.  4 to.  (10x8).  300  copies. 

Circular  letter  of  the  missionaries.  Reprinted  Missionary 
Herald,  Vol.  23,  pp.  240-242.  (Aug.,  1S27.) 

This  circular  was  prepared  at  the  general  meeting  of  the  mis- 
sionaries at  Kairua,  Hawaii,  Oct.,  1826,  and  was  printed  at  the 
mission  press  and  immediately  distributed  among  the  foreign 
residents  and  visitors  at  the  islands.  It  was  intended  to  meet  the 
principal  allegations  which  had  of  late  been  brought  against  the 
mission,  though  without  formally  stating  them. 

For  regulating  the  apportioning  of  the  publications  to  the  dif- 


KA 

HIMENI  HAWAII; 

HE  ME 

ORI  IA  IEHOYA, 

* KE 

AKUA  MAU . 


E 1. loonani  is  If.hova , e oukou  na  aina 
a fidu  : choorra  ia  la  e oukou  na  kanaka 
a /zaz^.— Davida. 


OAHU  : 

?AfIA  I KA  ME  A PAI  PALAPALA  A.JCA 
POE  MISIONARI. 

1823. 


The  first  hymn  book.  (6,  p.  I 3 ). 


Cover  of  writing-book.  (27,  p.  22). 


23 


ferent  stations  and  the  general  method  of  disposing  of  them  to 
the  people,  the  following  resolutions  were  adopted  at  the  general 
meeting  Oct.  7,  1826: 

1st.  Resolved  that  for  a present  arrangement  Kauai  be  allowed 
one-tenth  of  all  the  books  printed;  Oahu  three-tenths;  Maui  two- 
tenths,  and  Hawaii  four-tenths. 

2nd.  Resolved,  that  the  new  schools  may  be  supplied  gratui- 
tously  with  the  first  book  at  the  discretion  of  the  missionary  super- 
intending them. 

3d.  Resolved,  that  wre  deem  it  expedient  to  exchange  our  other 
books  for  any  of  the  produce  of  the  islands  that  we  can  turn  to 
good  account,  regulating  the  price  according  to  the  value  of  the 
article  at  the  station  wdiere  exchanged. 

The  health  of  Mr.  Loomis  had  been  for  some  time  such  that  he 
was  unable  to  superintend  the  press.  It  was  thought  desirable, 
therefore,  to  allow  him  to  return  to  America  for  the  double  pur- 
pose of  regaining  his  strength  in  a colder  climate,  and  of  supervis- 
ing the  publication  of  some  of  the  Gospels,  which  were  nearly 
ready  for  the  press,  and  which  could  be  printed  more  expeditious- 
ly in  the  United  States  than  at  Honolulu. 

He  sailed  for  Valparaiso  Jan.  6,  1827,  and  thence  to  Baltimore, 
where  he  arrived  in  June. 

The  departure  of  Mr.  Loomis  rendered  it  necessary  that  one  of 
the  other  brethren  should  assume  the  superintendence  of  the  press, 
and  this  duty  devolved  of  necessity  on  Mr.  Bingham,  who  alone 
had  given  sufficient  attention  to  the  subject  to  take  oversight  of 
the  printing.  He  had  some  little  assistance  from  a journeyman 
printer. 

A new  tract,  No.  6,  of  16  pages  containing  Christ’s  Sermon  on 
the  Mount,  and  some  selections  from  the  Gospel  of  Matthew  was 
struck  off  a few  weeks  after  Mr.  Loomis’  departure,  the  press 
work  being  performed  by  native  assistants,  Richard  Karaiaula, 
John  Ii  and  Kuaana,  who  had  become  very  useful  in  the  printing 
department.  Three  thousand  of  the  18,000  copies  of  this  edition 
were  printed  on  paper  furnished  at  the  expense  of  Karaimoku 
and  two  female  chiefs,  Kaahumanu  and  Opiia,  and  the  remainder 
from  funds  furnished  by  Mr.  Williams  of  Utica,  N.  Y. 

31.  [No.  6]  /Ka/  olelo  a Iesu  ma  ka  manna,  / i kakauia’i  e 
Mataio. 


24 


{At  end,)  Oahu.  Printed  at  the  mission  press,  Feb.  1827,  Ed. 

18.000.  16  pp.  8vo.  in  half-sheets.  (6x3%). 

The  sermon  of  Jesus  on  the  Mount  as  written  by  Matthew. 

32.  He  mau/himeni  Hawaii  / he  mea  hoolea’i  / i / ke  Akua 
mau  / ia  / Iehova./ 

{Quotation.  3 lines , Davida.) 

Akolu  ke  pai  ana  / imahuahua’e  / Oahu:  / paiia  i ka  mea  pai 
palapala  a ka.poe  misionari./  1827./  108  pp.  12mo.  in  half-sheets. 
(4#x2%).  10,000  copies. 

Some  Hawaiian  hymns.  Something  of  praise  to  the  eternal 
God,  Jehova.  Third  edition  of  6 and  26. 

33.  A set  of  certificates  for  native  teachers  was  printed  in  an 
edition  of  1000  copies. 

34.  (No  title.)  [No.  1.] 

{At  end,)  Oahu  Mission  Press,  Mar.  1827.  3.  ed.  20000,  total 
83000.  8 pp.  (6x3#). 

Third  edition  of  17  and  28. 

35.  (No  title  page.)  [No.  2.]  He  mau  olelo,  i waeia  maloko 
mai  o ka  palapala  hemolele. 

{At  end,)  Oahu:  mission  press,  Apr.  1827.  2 ed.  10,000, 

total  17,000.  4 pp.  (6x3#). 

Some  quotations  selected  from  within  the  Bible. 

Second  edition  of  16. 

36.  (No  title  page.)  [No.  4.]  Ke  kanawai  o Iehova. 

{At  end,)  Oahu:  mission  press,  Apr.  1827,  3 ed.  10,000,  total 

20.000.  4 pp.  (6x3#). 

Fourth  edition  of  20,  25  and  29. 

37.  [Port  regulations.] 

[Honolulu:  April,  1827.]  200  copies. 

Not  seen.  Title  from  Memorandum  of  Printing. 

38.  [Port  certificates.) 

[Honolulu:  April,  1827.]  200  copies. 

Not  seen.  Title  from  Memorandum  of  Printing. 

39.  (No  title.)  [No.  1.] 

[Honolulu:  April  and  May,  1827.]  8 pp.  17,500  copies:  total 

100.000. 

Not  seen.  Fourth  Edition  of  17,  28  and  34. 


25 


40.  (No  title  page.)  [No.  3.]  He  ui/no  ka  oleloake  Akua./ 

(At  end,}  Oahii:  mission  press,  May,  1827,  3 ed.  13,500,  total 
25,000.  8 pp.  (6x3?$). 

Third  edition  15  and  24. 

A new  font  of  types  arrived  in  June,  1827,  which,  having  been 
judiciously  selected  to  meet  the  requirements  of  the  language  in 
accordance  with  an  estimate  prepared  by  Mr.  Loomis,  permitted 
the  setting  up  of  56  pages  at  once,  i.  e.,  12  pages  crowded  duo- 
decimo of  Luke,  and  44  pages  24  mo.  of  hymns. 

Mr.  Bingham  writes  on  June  29,  1827. 

The  number  of  pages  of  tracts  which  has  been  printed  since 
Mr.  Loomis  left  us  amounts  to  780,000,  and  two  days’  more  work 
on  the  press  will  make  the  aggregate  of  pages  printed  within  six 
months  1,000,000. 

“ Mr.  Loomis  will,  I think,  be  surprised  to  find  that  our  press 
has  printed  as  many  pages  and  as  much  paper  while  he  was  on 
his  passage  home  as  it  had  done  during  his  residence  at  the  Is- 
lands. I shall  not  presume  to  say  the  work  is  done  as  well.” 

The  printers  had  at  this  time  assisting  in  setting  type  the 
services  of  a young  man  from  Boston,  James  Carey,  who,  on  ac- 
count of  lameness  in  his  ankles,  had  been  left  by  one  of  the  whale- 
ships  during  her  cruise.  While  waiting  to  rejoin  his  ship,  he 
was  glad  to  accept  a home  with  Mr.  Bingham,  working  two  days 
and  a half  each  week  for  his  board,  and  receiving  Boston  journey- 
man printer’s  wages  for  the  balance  of  his  time.  As  Mr.  Bing- 
ham was  obliged  to  leave  Honolulu  on  account  of  ill  health,  Mr. 
Goodrich  was  removed  from  Waiakea  in  the  fall  and  assumed 
charged  of  the  printing. 

During  the  autumn  the  high  chiefs  of  all  the  islands  were  con- 
vened at  Honolulu  to  consult  respecting  certain  complaints  of 
foreigners.  There  they  enacted  laws  against  murder,  theft  and 
adultery,  which  were  adopted  unanimously  and  ordered  printed. 
Three  other  laws  prohibiting  gaming,  fornication  and  the  retail- 
ing of  ardent  spirits  were  proposed  and  ordered  published  for 
further  consideration  and  the  information  of  the  people.  The 
three  first  were  to  go  into  effect  March  1,  1828. 

The  missionaries  complied  with  their  request  and  printed  the 
laws  as  a handbill.  They  were  to  be  taught  in  all  the  schools. 


26 


41.  He  olelo  no  ke  kanawai.  (Signed)  King  Kauikeaouli. 

Oahu  Honolulu,  Dekemaba  8,  1827. 

5 laws. 

42.  He  olelo  no  ke  kanawai.  (Signed)  King  Kauikeaouli. 

Oahu  Honolulu,  Dekemaba  8,  1827. 

6 laws. 

Printing  of  the  Gospel  of  Luke  began  in  December  and  by  the 
middle  of  the  month  4500  copies  of  the  first  sheet  of  the  edition 
of  10,000  had  been  worked  off,  many  of  which  were  at  once  dis- 
tributed. 

43.  Ka  / euanelio  / a Luka : / oia  ka  moolelo  hemolele/no  ko 
kakou  haku  e ola’i/  no  Iesu  Kristo;  / i laweia  / i olelo  Hawaii.  / 
( Quotation , 1 line)  Cut.  72  pp.  Map.  12  mo.  in  half-sheets 
(7x4%. ) 20,000  copies.  Completed  in  1829. 

Oahu:  / i paiia  ma  ka  mea  pai  palapala  a ka  poe  misionari.  / 
1827. 

Meanwhile,  on  Saturday,  Nov.  3,  1827,  a reinforcement  for  the 
mission  had  embarked  at  Boston  in  the  ship  Parthian.  Among 
their  number  was  Mr.  Stephen  Shepard,  of  Johnstown,  N.  Y., 
who  had  volunteered  his  services  as  a printer.  Besides  the  or- 
dinary supplies,  a printing  press,  types,  paper,  &c.,  were  taken. 
The  missionaries  also  carried  20,000  copies  of  the  spelling  book 
and  an  equal  number  of  the  tract  numbered  2,  which  had  been 
printed  under  the  inspection  of  Mr.  Loomis  at  Utica,  N.  Y.,  at 
the  expense  of  a gentleman  of  that  city,  Mr.  William  Williams. 

44.  (Spelling  book.) 

Utica,  N.  Y.:  1827.  8 pp.  20,000  copies.  (Not  seen.) 

45.  [No.  2.]  / He  olelo  a ke  Akua.  / 

{At  end,)  New  York,  1828. -Ed.  20,000.  4 pp.  (5%x3%). 

46.  (No  title  page.)  [No.  5.]  Ka  manoa  o na  alii. 

Utica,  N.  Y.,  W.  Williams,  n.  d.  (1827),  8 pp.  (5%x4%.) 
Edition  20,000. 

The  American  Tract  Society  were  printing  Our  Lord’s  Sermon 
on  the  Mount  at  the  time,  and  a considerable  number  of  copies 
were  ready  to  be  sent  in  the  Parthian. 

47.  (No  title  page.)  [No.  6.]  /Ka,/  olelo  a Iesu  ma  ka  Mauna,/ 
i kakauia’i  e Mataio.  / 


[No.  L; 


A 

E I 

o u 

a 

G 

e i 

' o 

tt 

H 

li 

he 

N 

Ji 

nu 

K 

¥ 

k 

1 

ke 

P 

F 

pi 

J A 

1 

la 

M 

m 

■ .mu 

W 

w 

we 

Bb 

Bd 

G g Rr 

. Ss 

Tt  \ 

7 V 

Z Z 

1 2 3 

4 5 6 7 ? 

5 9 10  11  12 

13  14  15  16  17 

13  19  20 

\ II 

Ill  IV  V VI  VII 

Till  IX 

X XI 

XII 

XII  l 

XIV  X' 

V XVI  XVII  XVIII  XIX 

XX 

5 ! ' 

. - ■?  •! 

5’  (— 

_)  [__ 

-3  kp;  s 

§* 

t 

I. 

ei 

eu 

GU 

ua 

Ha 

he 

hi 

ho 

hu 

aa 

ee 

ii 

OO 

uu 

ha 

Te 

ki 

ko 

ku 

moo 

poo 

laa  iuu 

hee 

Ja 

le 

H 

lo 

lu 

waa 

kee 

Hi 

hoo 

puu 

n. 

IV 

. 

ma 

me 

mi 

ma 

ma 

Hae 

hai 

hno 

hau 

na 

ne 

ni 

CO 

nu 

kae 

kai 

kao 

kau 

pa 

pe 

P° 

pu 

lae 

lei 

lau 

nou 

wa 

we 

W! 

wo 

wu 

nae 

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\c 


The  fourth  spelling  book.  ( 1 7,  p.  20  ). 


.J  GV-!  ’ •'  * * -■ 

PI-A 

A E I O U 
H h he 

K k ke 

LI  la 

Mm  mu 

% « 

' 

»>'  v 

-PA. 

a e i o u 
An.,  nu 

1*  p pi 

W W we 

Bb  Dd  Gg  RrSs  Tt  Vv  2z 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  11  12  13  14  15  16 
17  IS  19  20 

I II  III  IV  V VI  VII  VIII  IX  X XI 
XII  XIII  XIV  XV  XVI  XVII 
XVIII  XIX  XX 

” (— ) [ -]  ICP  H § * - 

I. 

Ha  he  hi  ho  hu 
ka  ke  ki  ko  ku 
la  le  li  lo  lu 

II. 

ma  me  mi  mo  mu 
na  ne  ni  no  mi 

> * 

pa  pe  pi  po  pu 
wa  we  wi  wo  wu 
III. 

Ae  ai  ao  au. 
ei  eu  ou  ua 
aa  ee  ii  oo  nu 
moo  poo  laa  luuhee 
waa  kee  Hi  hoo  puu 

'-'x 

....  . ♦ 

The  fifth  spelling  book,  1 2 pages. 


27 


(At  end ,)  New  York:  / printed  by  the  American  Tract  Society, 
1828.— Edition  25,000.  16  pp.  (6x3%). 

During  the  early  part  of  1828,  Mr.  Goodrich  was  striking  off  a 
new  edition  of  hymns,  the  small  tract  or  handbill  containing 
the  new  laws,  and  the  Gospel  of  Luke.  The  latter,  com- 
mencing with  an  edition  of  10,000  copies,  but  afterwards  increased 
to  20,000,  was  but  half  completed  by  September.  A helu  or 
arithmetic  of  8 pages  was  printed  before  the  arrival  of  Mr. 
Shepard. 

48.  (No  title  page.)  No.  7.  Aritemetika.  Oia  ka  hoike 
helu. 

(At  end,)  Oahu:  printed  at  the  mission  press,  Jan.  1828.  12 

pp.  (6x4). 

Unique  copy  owned  by  Rev.  Sereno  Bishop. 

49.  (No  title  page.)  No.  7.  Aritemetika:  / Oia  / ka  hoike 

helu. 

(At  bottom  of  first  page ) M,DCCC, XXVIII.  (6x3%).  8 pp. 

5000  copies. 

The  reinforcement  arrived  March  30,  1828.  Mr.  Shepard  was 
located  at  Honolulu  with  both  presses,  as  he  could  superintend 
two  as  easily  as  one  and  it  was  thought  better  to  enlarge  the  estab- 
lishment there  rather  than  to  divide  their  means  to  make 
another. 

Mr.  Shepard,  in  a letter  to  Mr.  Evarts,  June  5,  1828,  writes: 

“ When  we  arrived  Mr.  Goodrich  was  superintending  the  press, 
which  he  has  done  to  good  advantage.  The  History  of  Joseph  was 
in  press,  part  of  the  last  form  set  up.  Also  one  form  of  Luke 
printed  and  another  ready  for  press.  Since  then  we  have  finished 
the  History  of  Joseph,  worked  off  the  last  sheet  but  one  of  the 
hymns,  and  have  the  other  ready  for  press,  as  it  is  contemplated 
to  put  another  edition  of  hymns  immediately  to  the  press.  Both 
editions  will  probably  be  sold  by  the  time  we  can  hear  whether  an 
edition  will  be  printed  in  America.  The  press  itself  is  in  better 
order  than  was  expected.  The  crack  of  the  screw  is  of  such  a nature 
as  not  to  injure  it  materially.  It  is  not,  however,  sufficiently 
powerful  to  do  justice  to  the  close,  heavy  forms  of  Luke.  We 
have  not  tried  the  one  received  by  the  Parthian,  but  intend  to  put 
it  up  soon.” 

50.  (Ely.)  [No.  8.]  /Ka/  moo  olelo  no  Iosepa,  / i kakauia’i 
e Mose.  / 


28 


{At  e?id,)  Oahu:  mission  press,  April,  1828. — Edition  16,000. 
82  pp.  8 vo.  in  half-sheets.  (634x434).  16,000  copies. 

The  story  of  Joseph  as  written  by  Moses. 

51.  He  mau  himeni  Hawaii:  he  mea  hoolea’i  i ke  Akua  mau, 
ia  Iehova.  Aha  ke  pai  ana  i mahuahua’e. 

Oahu:  paiia  i ka  mea  pai  palapala  aka  poe  misionari,  1828 

{At  end,)  Mission  press,  Oahu,  1828,  4th  ed.  10,000,  108  pp. 
12  mo.  in  half-sheets.  (534x334-) 

Some  Hawaiian  hymns  in  praise  of  the  eternal  God,  Jehova. 

Fourth  edition  of  6,  26  and  32. 

In  a letter  Dec.  5,  1828,  Mr.  Shepard  calls  attention  to  the 
words  “ Himeni  Hawaii”  in  the  new  edition  of  hymns,  which 
are  printed  in  lower  case  type,  there  being  no  capital  letters  of 
the  right  size  on  hand. 

On  June  12,  1828,  Mr.  Bingham  thus  describes  the  new  edi- 
tion : 

“ Our  little  Hawaiian  hymn  book  of  47  pages  has  been  revised 
and  republished  with  the  addition  of  53  new  hymns,  making  to- 
gether 108  pages.  These  are  partly  translations  of  favorite 
hymns  in  use  in  our  churches,  partly  paraphrases  or  translations 
from  select  passages  of  scripture  poetry  and  partly  original,  in- 
tended to  bring  home  the  invitations,  doctrines  and  duties  of  the 
Gospel,  to  exhibit  the  character  of  God,  the  beauty  and  excellence 
of  the  Redeemer  and  in  various  forms  to  express  the  feelings  of 
piety  in  the  language  of  penitence,  faith,  hope,  joy,  gratitude, 
praise,  supplication  and  adoration.” 

Mr.  Ely,  who  was  invalided  home  in  the  fall,  took  with  him 
a small  box  of  hymns  of  the  new  edition  to  be  bound  in  the  United 
States. 

The  press  brought  out  by  the  Parthian  had  been  set  up  by  this 
time  and  one  form  of  twelves  printed  upon  it.  It  was  found  to  be 
an  old  press  of  small  size  and  insufficient  power,  but  nevertheless 
much  superior  to  the  old  one. 

Although  20,000  spelling-books  had  arrived  from  America,  so 
great  was  the  demand  that  in  December,  1828,  another  edition  of 
20,000  was  printed  from  the  old  form  from  which  had  already 
been  taken  100,000  impressions,  a total  of  120,000  at  the  islands, 
or  140,000  in  all. 


29 


52.  (No  title.)  [No.  1.] 

[Honolulu:  Dec.  1828.]  8 pp. 

Fifth  Hawaiian  edition  of  17,  28,  34  and  39. 

By  a regulation  made  at  the  general  meeting  of  1828  the  mis- 
sionaries were  permitted  to  sell  books  for  cash. 

As  there  was  no  other  press  at  the  islands  the  missionaries  were 
from  time  to  time  called  upon  to  print  handbills  for  the  merchants 
and  proclamations,  laws,  &c.,  for  the  king  and  chiefs. 

On  this  subject  the  following  resolutions  were  passed : 

“ Resolved,  That  we  approve  of  printing  such  articles  for 
them  as  may  appear  likely  to  be  useful,  and  not  repugnant  to  the 
interests  of  civilization  and  Christianity. 

“Resolved,  That  all  documents  from  the  king  and  chiefs,  to 
be  translated  or  printed  be  at  the  disposal  of  the  committee  on 
printing,  except  in  cases  of  translations  which  may  occur  when 
the  said  committee  are  not  present.” 

In  Dec.  1828,  the  brethren  at  Lahaina  sent  down  a small  tract 
designed  as  a supplement  to  the  spelling  book.  It  contained  the 
divisions  of  time,  measurements,  elements  of  geography,  and  ele- 
ments of  language,  It  was  printed  in  eight  pages  in  an  edition 
of  1000  copies.  After  being  revised  and  altered  20,000  more  were 
published . 

53.  (L.  Andrews.)  [No.  1.]  He  hope  no  ka  pi-a-pa. 

(No  imprint.)  [Honolulu,  1828]  8 pp.  First  edition,  1000 

copies. 

A statement  of  the  expenditures  for  paper,  as  rendered  by 
Levi  Chamberlain,  Jan.  21,  1829,  is  as  follows: 

1823.  Paper  of  this  year  was  brought  out  by  the  first  mission- 
aries and  is  not  entered  into  the  expenses  of  the  printing  depart- 
ment. 

1824.  Purchased  and  received  by  donation  3/4  reams  foolscap 


estimated  at  $ 20  95 

1825.  Purchased  14  reams  foolscap  . . . .$117  25  .... 

Received  from  America  13  reams  demi  ....  77  00  ...  . 194  25 

1826.  Purchased  157  reams  foolscap  ....  501  00  ... . 

Received  from  America  40 reams  demi. . . . 165  00  ....  666  00 

1827.  Obtained  1 ream  foolscap  ....153  .... 


Received  from  America  90  reams  demi  ....  265  00  . . . 


266  53 


30 


1828.  Purchased  301  reams  foolscap  . . . .903  00  .... 

Received  from  America  40  reams  demi  and  4 reams 
, foolscap 236  74  ....  1139  74 


$2287  47 

Meanwhile,  the  portions  of  the  New  Testament  carried  to 
to  America  by  Mr.  Loomis  were  being  printed  under  his  super- 
vision. 

54.  Ka  / euanelio  / a Mataio:/  oia  ka  moo  olelo  hemolele  no  ko 
kakou  / haku  e ola’i,  / no  Iesu  Ivristo,  / i laweia  i olelo  Hawaii.  / 
Hookahi  keia  o ke  pai  ana.  / 

Rochester,  N.  Y. : / Paiia  ma  ka  mea  pai  palapala  a Lumiki.  / 

1828. /  69  pp.  12  mo.  in  half-sheets.  (7x4)4)  • 15,000  copies. 

The  Gospel  of  Matthew.  These  are  the  sacred  writings  of  words 

of  our  Lord  and  Saviour  Jesus  Christ.  Brought  into  Hawaiian. 
This  is  the  first  edition.  • 

55.  Ka  / euanelio  /a  Mareko:/  oia  ka  moo  olelo  hemolele  no  ko 
kakou  / haku  e ola’i  / no  / Iesu  Kristo,  / i laweia  i olelo  Hawaii.  / 
Hookahi  keia  o ke  pai  ana.  / 

Rochester.  N.  N.:  /paiia  i ka  mea  pai  palapala  a Lumiki.  / 

1829.  / pp  71-115.  12  mo.  in  half-sheets.  (7x434)-  15,000  copies. 
Mark  is  paged  consecutively  after  Matthew,  the  title  page  of 

Mark  occupying  page  71,  or  the  next  to  last  page  of  the  last  form 
of  Matthew,  and  hence  appearing  at  the  end  of  separate  copies  of 
Matthew.  It  would  therefore  appear  that  although  separate 
copies  of  Matthew  exist,  no  copies  of  Mark  could  be  issued  apart 
from  Matthew,  unless  without  title  page. 

56.  Ka  / euanelio  / a Ioane  :/  oia  ka  olelo  hemolelo  a ko  kakou 
haku,/ a /Iesu  Ivristo,/ i laweia  i olelo  Hawaii./  Hookahi  keia  o 
ke  pai  ana./ 

Rochester,  N.  Y. : / paiia  i ka  mea  pai  palapala  a Lumiki. /1829./ 
pp.  117-171.  12  mo.  in  half-sheets.  (7x4/4)-  15,000  copies. 

The  Gospel  of  Luke  had  been  passing  through  the  press  for 
over  a year.  The  first  form  was  printed  in  Dec.  1827,  before  the 
arrival  of  Mr.  Shepard;  the  second  form  in  the  summer  of  1828, 
the  third  in  November;  while  the  remaining  three  were  printed 
in  the  following  January,  February  and  March  respectively.  As 


ElJANELTO 

a : 

OiA  KA  MOO  QU-IL'J  lIBiOLLLL, 
NO  KG  KAlCij  U liJK  VE  OLA' l 

EO  - - 


IESU  KRISTO 


i unvEi'i 

t OT,ULO  IIATvAir 


“I  hlfa  Ona  Iff  o!a;  ho  mlamafc’nr.  ••  r ch  r.->  r-a  kanakcA' 


OAHU: 

..  ! PAHA  «*  fc.A  MBA  PAS  PAX.tr ALA  A KA  POE  MISIONAtU 

1827. 


Title  page  of  Luke.  (43,  p.  26). 


KU1KAHI 


, 


e 


Articles  made  ajid  agreed  on  nt  Hono- 
lulu, Jsiand  of  Oaliu,  this  Ipbth  day  of 
Nov.  18!JC.  4 

• Art.  l/t.  English  subjects  shall  b^» 
permitted  come  witWtheir  vesjch^nnS. 
property  of  wliotever  ^ind  to  the 
dfroh  IsUmds;  the/  shall  also  be  permitted* 
.Jt*  re5idc.l|ior<:iu  as  km"  as  th^y  coiilufM 
• to  tip:  la\ys  of  lhusq.Islpudf,  and  loHmild 
liouke^  “and  Jvafchouse'  for  tllcyr  iriOr- 
chwdize  Villi  the  copse  rtf  bf^tjfe  Kmg, 
tofltgood  ‘friondshipv dhell-.cyfttiouc  be- 
tween tlic  subjecf.3  of  bdth  countries,  Great 
Britain  and  Ac  SuiHlvhchjjtslands. 

‘ * Art.  2d..v£nglish  subjects  resident  at 
the  Sandwich  Islands  ape  at  liberty  to  go 
v to  their  owns country  oi  elsewhere,  either 
. «n  't^eir  own  or  aijy  (pther  vessel;  they' 
may  dispose  qf  their  effects,  enclosures, ^ 

* houses,  &c.  with  the  pr&iqus  knowledge  *' 
r of  the  ^ving.  and  take  iWWldo  with  them  ’ 
^wkhaat  impediment  \ifetfever.  -'The 

land  on  w^ieh  houses  ate  Kbtp  is  the  prope  r~ 
lyqt'Ulu  King,  bit  the  S^dg shall  have  no 
destiny  th^-houses,  or  in  aqy 
“way  injuce  they.:  property  of  aqy  British 
Bt&jecb.  . r f 

* w 'Art.  3rd.  When  dh  lEhgliah'subject  diqs 
6n  &»'  Sdodwich  'Islands^  bis  effects  shall 
l»t  be  Searched  or  touched  by  any  of  the 

„•  governors  of  Cliiefe’but  shall  be  deliver- 
ed into  the  hands'  pf  his  eybcutors,  or 
heirs  iFprescnt,  bul  if  rio  heir  ^executor 
/appear,  the  Consul  or  ms  agent,  shall 
. be  executor  for*  Che  same:  if  any  debts  . 
Were  owing  to  the  deceased,  the  Govci^  . 
nor  ftf  the  place  Hhall  assist  and  do  all  in 
his  power  to  coihpei  die  (debtors* to  phjr 
■ their  debts  to  the  heir  or  executor-*  or.  the,. 
c Consul,  in  case  no  Iieir  or  executor  ap^‘ 
pears,  and  the  Consul  la  to  ^pfdrm  11$* 
King  of  the’ death  bf  every  British  su!j*f 
J>  ject  ledvitig  property  upon  the  Sandwich 
'Islands.  ' ' ^ 

' ' ' * .^AMEHAMEHA  hi. 

JTBt  RUSSELL  Captain  of 
H.  J8.  Majesty’s  Ship  Acteon,  ; 


Tie  mau  olelo  jjeia  i boqptmoponoia’i  a i hoo- 
paawt.'i  ici  t Houtdulupui  kk  Muku  Oeltq  i ku 
hi  mii.knnvrpaouo  if  Novemabn,  l&Xi. 

PaOjku  I.'JE  nuUt’nkii  ko  Eneluni  mau  ku* 
ink  i o hole  mVii  ko  Hawaii  pan  aina  me  ku 
Jakou  iir iu.m  Au  ■>»  itt  j ko  lakou  ;waiwai,  o • 
kalu  wuivyiiH^  \oia  wuiivai ; e auia  ipai  hui 
lakou  u nolto  ilail<t,,4  hko  no  ka  loiiii  o ka  uia- 
. iiawu  o nolio  |H»po  af  tualalo  o ko  fcopuwai,  a t 
kukulu  hale  e noho  ai  a mo  nn  hale  o tushrai 
- ko  lakou  waitfol,  Lo  ae  rnai  ku  ulii ; a c mau 
ko  kuikuhi  malkfei  inawaenft  o na  aina  o Bcri- 
• tania  Nul  luuu  mo  aa  aina  o Hawaii  pci, 

JPa^ku  2.  He  moa  pouo  i na  kanaka  o 
Enakuii  o noho  anq-ma  Huwaii  nei  o h$te  i ko 
lakou  aina,  a i na  wahi  e ae  ilunn  o ko  lakou 
mau  ruoku  e jiuna  o na  moku  e ae  palm;  o 
. Inki  in  lakqq.ko  buai  lilo  aka  1 ko  lakou  wai- 
wai,  oa  pahal©,'nn  Iwlo  a me  in  moa  ae  ia  men 
Mio  o ko  alii,  g e lAwo  pu  me  lakou  i 
-ii^daja  bin  men  moo,  aole  iki.o  keakea 
at..  Aka  o ka  lopo  malato'3u>  i kukuluia’i  na 
hale  no  ke  alii  io,  aolc  nae  o 4»iki  i ko  olti  ko 
w^Vvahi  i hale  a c hana  howa  iki  i ka  waU 
•wnri  a kekedii  kanaka  o Beritnnia. 

’J^40«u  3.  A i make  kekahi  kanaka  o Ene- 
laai  roa  ko  Hawaii  pae  ^ina,  aolo  o huliia 
kona  bum  waiwai,  aole  hoi  e hoopaia  e kekahi 
o na  Kiaaina  a riie  aa’iii,  aha  e haawiia  i ka 
lima  o na  ctea  ana  i kaaoha  oi  a i kosa  mau 
hooilina  paha,  in^i  paha  lakou  maanei,  a i olo 
ikea  ka  hooilina  a o ka  mea  i kauohaia  ai  pa- 
ha, alaila  e lilo  jke  Komkolo  a.o  kona  hope 
paha  i rnea  nan  a © hooponopono  ma  ia  inda;  a- 
ina  he  mau  aio  ka  kekahi  i ka  mea  i mako  aku 
la,  n kokua  ko  Kiaaina  o ia  wahi,  a o koi  aku, 
kebiki  ia  ia,  i na  mea  aie^  hookaa  f*ka  lakou 
maa  aie  i ka  Hooilina  a i ka  mea  i kauohaia’i 
paha,  a i olo  ikea  ka  Hooilina  a o ka  mea  i 
kauohaia’ i paba,  alailare  ukuia’i  i ke  Konake- 
le.  A na  ke  Konakele  'o  hai  aku  i ke  alii  i ka 
make  onA  o na  kanaka  Beritanja  a pan,  non  a 
Da  waiwai  e waibo  ana  ma  kvia  pae  aina. 

KAMEHAMEHA  ui 
ED.  RUSSELL  - . 


Treaty  made  in  1836. 


3i 


many  copies  of  each  form  had  been  distributed  as  fast  as  issued, 
it  was  necessary  to  reprint  portions  to  secure  enough  complete 
copies. 

The  operations  of  the  press  were  hampered  not  only  by  the 
scarcity  of  paper,  but  by  the  lack  of  sufficient  type  of  the  two 
letters  most  prevalent  in  the  Hawaiian  language. 

Mr.  Shepard  writes  October  8,  1829: 

“ By  the  Hagua  we  received  two  boxes  of  type,  207  lbs. — but  it 
is  useless  for  printing  Hawaiian,  as  there  are  not  enough  of  the 
letters  k and  a for  only  five  or  six  pages.  All  the  other  type  is 
so  much  worn  as  to  render  it  impossible  to  continue  the  printing 
to  any  great  extent.  We  shall  retain  the  new  font  for  use  in 
printing  in  English . ’ ’ 

A letter  from  Mr.  Shepard,  Oct.  28,  1829,  gives  in  detail  the 
operations  of  the  press  since  his  arrival,  March  31,  1828: 

At  that  time  Mr.  Goodrich  had  commenced  the  printing  of 
three  works,  and  one  of  them  was  nearly  through  the  press. 
First,  the  Gospel  of  Luke,  the  first  twelve  pages  of  which  were 
printed  and  were  selling;  the  next  twelve  pages  were  in  type  and 
partly  corrected.  Secondly,  the  hymn  book;  72  pages  were  print- 
ed but  nothing  done  towards  the  rest.  Thirdly,  the  History  of 
of  Joseph;  24  pages  of  this  work  were  printed  and  the  press  was 
waiting  for  the  remaining  part  of  the  copy. 

In  a few  days  Mr.  Ely,  the  translator,  arrived  and  the  last 
sheet  was  put  to  press  immediately,  and  the  natives  were  soon 
perusing  this  fine  piece  of  Scripture  history,  it  being  the  second 
portion  of  connected  Scripture  which  was  finished  in  Hawaiian. 
16,000  copies  were  printed. 

As  soon  as  circumstances  admitted,  we  resumed  the  printing 
of  the  hymns.  They  were  soon  completed,  making  a volume  of 
108  pages.  10,000  copies  were  printed  in  this  edition. 

It  was  then  thought  desirable  that  another  edition  of  10,000 
copies  should  be  printed  immediately,  which  was  done  in  the 
course  of  the  summer,  making  in  all  20,000  copies. 

About  the  time  the  second  form  of  Luke,  containing  twelve 
pages  was  corrected  and  printed.  One  form  occupied  the  press 
ten  working  days. 

About  the  middle  of  November  the  third  form  of  Luke  was 
printed;  the  fourth  on  January;  the  fifth  in  February,  and 
the  sixth  in  March,  being  the  last.  10,000  copies  were  printed. 
It  had  been  sold  or  given  out  by  the  single  sheet  at  some  of  the 


32 


stations,  so  when  the  last  was  printed  but  few  of  the  first  were 
remaining. 

By  the  Parthian  20,000  spelling  books  were  received,  but  in 
December  another  edition  was  printed  here  consisting  of  20,000 
copies,  making  in  the  aggregate  120,000  printed  at  this  office,  to 
which  add  20,000  printed  in  Utica  and  there  have  been  printed 
140,000  copies  of  this  work  since  its  first  publication. 

The  translation  of  a historical  tract  from  the  first  part  of 
Genesis  was  commenced  early  in  the  summer,  and  one  form  of 
eight  pages  was  printed  in  January,  but  for  reasons  connected 
with  the  translation  the  printing  of  the  remainder  was  suspended. 
We  expect  to  resume  the  printing  of  this  tract  as  soon  as  a vessel 
returns  from  the  windward  with  Mr.  Bishop. 

Mr.  Richards  having  translated  Acts  and  the  historical  parts  of 
Exodus  and  Leviticus,  and  they  being  ready  for  the  press,  it  was 
deemed  advisable  that  he  should  come  down  and  superintend 
them  while  printing.  He  arrived  near  the  latter  part  of  May  and 
we  immediately  commenced  printing  and  were  proceeding  agree- 
able to  our  wishes,  when  Mrs.  Shepard  was  taken  sick  and  as  we 
were  then  living  at  the  house  of  Mr.  Ellis,  at  some  distance  from 
this  office,  my  attentions  being  necessarily  divided  between  the 
office  and  the  sick,  the  work  of  the  office  lingered.  In  a few  days 
Mr.  Richards  was  taken  sick,  and  the  business  was  entirely 
suspended. 

(Work  was  resumed  in  July)  and  on  the  28th  of  August  Acts 
was  finished  and  32  pages  or  two  forms  of  Exodus  were  also 
printed  and  to  the  64th  page  of  the  same  in  type,  but  not  cor- 
rected. Mr.  Richards  left  here  on  the  26th  of  August  for 
Lahaina. 

Last  Saturday  I finished  correcting  the  last  sheet  of  Exodus 
and  Leviticus,  and  on  the  same  day  was  finished  the  press  work 
of  the  fifth  sheet,  so  there  are  now  two  more  to  print,  which 
will  probably  be  done  in  the  course  the  present  month. 

There  is  one  thing  which  materially  affects  the  operations  of 
the  press  and  prevents  the  accomplishment  of  so  large  an  amount 
as  it  could  do,  and  that  is  proof  reading.  There  so  many  things 
requiring  the  attention  of  the  only  person  at  this  station  who  is 
enabled  from  his  knowledge  of  Hebrew,  Greek  and  the  Hawaiian 
languages  to  do  this  duty,  that  it  seems  very  desirable  that  he  have 
assistance  while  other  works  than  his  own  are  printing.  On  this 
account  Mr.  Richards  was  invited  to  come  down  and  attend  to 
the  work  translated  at  Lahaina,  and  assist  in  correcting  it,  and 
Mr.  Bishop  is  expected  down  in  a few  days  for  the  purpose  of 
attending  to  the  work  translated  at  Kailua. 

I wish  you  to  notice  particularly  that  all  the  work  mentioned 


33 


above  has  been  done  by  one  press,  and  the  principal  part  of  it  by 
three  natives.  We  have  never  had  but  one  press  at  work  at  the 
same  time  and  thei'e  is  not  work  enough  at  present  to  keep  this 
one  employed  all  the  time. 

I think  the  question  is  fully  settled  that  by  the  assistance  of 
natives  printing  may  be  done  here  to  aViy  extent  desirable.  But 
they  must  be  dealt  with  differently  from  apprentices  in  America. 
They  must  be  paid  a certain  sum  by  the  piece,  token  or  thousand, 
when  they  work,  or  they  will  soon  become  dissatisfied.  They 
cannot  get  their  food  without  pay.  The  chiefs  do  not  wish  to 
board  them  unless  it  should  be  some  that  have  been  to  America 
and  are  decidedly  pious,  as  was  the  case  with  Richard. 

In  April,  1828,  there  was  a native  learning  to  set  type,  but  as 
he  had  nothing  but  the  privilege  of  learning,  he  said  he  was  po- 
loli,  or  hungry,  and  left.  It  was  deemed  advisable  after  this  oc- 
currence to  allow  fresh  hands  in  the  office  about  half  price  till 
they  are  well  acquainted  with  the  business,  and  then  give  them 
common  American  prices.  Accordingly  in  a few  weeks  I made 
an  agreement  with  the  same  boy  that  if  he  would  come  back  he 
should  have  12)4  cents  for  setting  the  types  for  a page  of  Luke 
and  6 cents  for  a page  of  tracts,  with  which  he  appears  pleased, 
has  continued  steady  ever  since  and  has  become  a great  help  in 
the  printing  business. 

The  boys  that  fold  are  paid  two  cents  per  quire  for  folding 
duodecimos  and  one  cent  per  quire  for  octavo.  Those  that  work 
at  press  and  are  well  acquainted  with  the  business  are  paid  25 
cents  per  token  of  royal  paper,  and  20  cents  per  token  for  foolscap. 
This  arrangement  and  these  prices  are  approved  by  the  mission  so 
far  as  I know. 

Previous  to  April,  1828,  the  folding  of  the  books  was  done  at 
the  different  stations,  but  as  this  system  was  attended  with  so 
many  disadvantages  it  has  been  decided  best  to  have  it  all  done 
here.  Accordingly  nearly  all  the  works  that  have  been  printed 
since  the  said  date  have  been  folded  here.  This  of  necessity  adds 
a very  large  item  to  my  cares,  and  to  the  expenses  of  the  office. 
But  at  the  same  time  it  relieves  the  different  missionaries  of  a 
great  burden  by  putting  the  books  into  their  hands  ready  for 
stitching,  which  is  still  done  at  the  different  stations.  But  I hope 
this  will  ere  long  be  taken  off  their  hands,  so  that  they  may  not 
be  entangled  with  the  outside  of  books,  while  it  is  highly  import- 
ant that  their  whole  attention  should  be  directed  to  the  right 
forming  of  the  inside.  May  we  not  expect  the  Board  will  send  us 
a book-binder  and  materials  and  thus  save  a large  amount  of  care 
to  the  valuable  missionary.  If  the  New  Testament  as  a whole  is 
to  be  printed  how  desirable  it  seems  to  have  it  bound  before  it 


34 


goes  into  the  hands  of  the  people,  and  if  all  the  books  were  bound 
they  would  be  of  so  much  more  service  to  the  people. 

By  the  Hagua  we  received  two  boxes  of  types  containing  207 
lbs.,  but  it  is  with  the  deepest  regret  that  we  are  necessitated  to 
mention  to  you  that  they  can  be  of  no  use  to  us  in  printing  Ha- 
waiian, as  it  is  an  English  font,  containing  enough  of  the  letters 
k and  a for  only  about  five  or  six  pages,  and  we  regret  it  the 
more  as  all  the  other  type  in  the  office  is  considered  so  much  worn 
as  to  make  it  quite  certain  that  the  printing  cannot  be  prosecuted 
to  any  great  extent,  unless  their  should  bean  immediate  shipment 
of  type  according  to  the  late  letter  of  the  committee  for  the  supply 
of  types,  paper,  Ac.  It  has  been  thought  desirable  to  retain  this 
font  for  the  purpose  of  using  it  for  English  should  there  be  oc- 
casion to  use  it. 

Yours  &c, 

Stephen  Shepard. 

J.  Evarts,  Esq. 

57.  (L.  Andrews.)  He  hope  no  ka  pi-a-pa.  [No.  1.] 

{At  end.,)  Oahu:  mission  press,  1829.  2d  ed.  20,000, — total 

21,000.  8 pp. 

Second  edition  of  53. 

58.  (Richards.)  (No  title  page. ) Ka  oihana  a ka  poe  luna- 
olelo  no  Iesu  Kristo. 

(No  imprint.)  [Honolulu:  August  28,  1829.]  64  pp.  12  mo. 

in  half-sheets.  (8x5(4)-  10,000  copies. 

The  acts  of  the  head  speakers  of  Jesus  Christ.  (Book  of  Acts.) 

59.  No  ka  moe  kolohe.  (Signed)  Ivauikeaouli. 

Oahu:  Sept,  21,  1829.  Broadside.  (9/4x7}4) . 

Relating  to  adultery. 

60.  (No  title.)  [Proclamation  of  the  king.]  (Signed)  Kau- 
ikeaouli . 

Oahu:  October  7,  1829.  Broadside.  (15x8).  Parallel  columns, 
Hawaiian  and  English. 

61.  O ke  kipa  ana  mai  o ka  mokukaua  Vinekene  i na  aina  o 
Hawaii  nei.  (Translation).  The  visit  of  the  ship  of  war  Vin- 
cennes to  the  Sandwich  Islands.  (Letters  from  Capt.  W.  B.  Finch 
to  King  Tamaamahah  and  from  Sami.  L.  Southard,  Secretary  of 
the  Navy,  to  Tamehameha  III)  (English  and  Hawaiian  in  paral- 
lel columns) . 


ME  OLELO  HOONAAU  AO 

i ke  kanaka  i ka  ke  Akua;  e like  me  ke  nno 
no  ka  ke  Akua  olelo  i haawi  mai  la  na  kahuna 
nui  no  ko  lesu  Kristo  Ekalesia,  mai  Iesu  Kristo 
Inai,  a keia  manavva. 

He  mea  hoike  i 11a  raea  e manao  io  aku  ai  ke 
kanaka,  a e hana  mai  hoi  ia  i malama  pono  ai 
i ke  Akua. 


**  E hele  hot  oukou , a t ao  aku  i ko  na  a in  a 
“ a pan  loa. 

“ Eia  hoi , e noho  man  loa  au  vie 

il  a hiki  aku  i ka  hope  loa  o keia  ao  ” 

V Jfataio.  28.  19.  20. 


i(  E ku  paa  oukou , a e malama  potto  hoi  i na 
“ meahaawi  i hoonaau  aoia  mai  oukou  no  ka  olelo, 

**  a no  ka  makou  palapala  hoi. Jy 

II.  ko  Tesalokike.  2.  15: 


MACAO. 


1881. 


oukou,  L sy*'**' 


A 


ex 


The  first  Catholic  publication,  a catechism. 


35 


Mission  press,  Oahu.  (October,  1829.)  Broadside.  (12/4x8.) 

62.  (No  title  page.)  (Richards.)  [No.  10.]  Ka  puka  ana.  I 
kakauia’i  e Mose. 

( At  end,)  Oahu,  mission  press,  Oct.  1829.  Ed.  10,000.  112  pp. 
8 vo.  (6x3%) . 

Exodus  from  Chap.  21,  with  omissions  and  some  fragments  of 
Leviticus. 

63.  (No  title  page.)  [No.  7.]  Ka  moo  olelo  kinohi,  / i waeia 
noloko  ae  o ka  palapala  / mua  a Mose.  / 

{At  end,)  Oahu,  mission  press,  December,  1829.  104  pp.  8 vo. 
(6x3%).  Ed.  10,000. 

The  story  of  creation  taken  out  of  the  first  writings  of  Moses. 
( Genesis. ) 

Between  Christmas,  1829,  and  New  Year’s,  Mr.  Bingham  pre- 
pared for  the  press  a first  book  for  children,  containing  alphabets, 
large  and  small,  easy  spelling  and  reading  lessons,  several  cate- 
chisms for  children,  a few  short  hymns,  various  selections  from 
Scripture,  and  an  abridgment  of  the  Decalogue  in  the  form  of  a 
dialogue  adapted  to  the  youngest  child’s  capacity,  the  whole 
making  a little  book  of  36  pages  18  mo.  embellished  with  appro- 
priate cuts  which  had  been  kindly  furnished  by  the  American 
Tract  Society. 

Within  a week  from  its  commencement  Mr.  Shepard  carried  it 
so  far  through  the  press  that  a number  of  copies  were  ready  at  the 
commencement  of  the  year,  and  great  eagerness  was  manifested 
by  the  children  to  get  first  copies  of  the  New  Year’s  present. 

All  of  the  2000  copies  first  printed  were  at  once  distributed  and 
t he  mission  approving  the  work,  a second  edition  of  13,000  copies 
was  finished  and  a third  of  10,000  recommended. 

64.  (H.  Bingham.)  He  palapala  mua  na  na  kamalii,  e naauao 
ai  i ko  lakou  wa  opiopio. 

Oahu:  na  na  misionai’i  i pai.  Dec.  1829.  36  pp.  12  mo.  in 

half-sheets.  2000  copies. 

65.  He  ninau  hoike  no  ka  moolelo  o ka  palapala  hemolele.  I 
ikeia  ai  ka  hana  ana  a ke  Akua  a me  na  kanaka,  mai  ke  kumu 
mai  a hiki  i ka  wa  o ka  Iesu  mau  lunaolelo.  He  mea  e pono  ai 


36 


ha  makua  a me  na  keiki  a me  na  kula.  Cut.  {Quotation,  3 lines.) 

Oahu:  na  na  misionari  i pai.  1830.  192  pp.  8 vo.  in  half- 

sheets. (634x4). 

{At  end,)  Oahu:  mission  press,  March,  1831.  Ed.  10,000. 

Two  or  three  rude  cuts  were  inserted  by  Mr.  Bingham  as  an 
experiment,  that  representing  the  destruction  of  Sodom  and 
Gomorrah  taking  him  but  one  hour  to  engrave  on  wood. 

66.  (H.  Bingham.)  He  palapala  mua  na  na  kamalii,  e naauao 
ai  i ko  lakou  wa  opiopio. 

[Honolulu:  1830.]  13,000  copies. 

Not  seen.  Second  edition  of  64. 

67.  (H.  Bingham.)  He  palapala  mua  na  na  kamalii,  e naauao 
ai  i ko  lakou  wa  opiopio. 

Oahu:  na  na  missionari  i pai.  1830.  36  pp.  12  mo.  in  half- 

sheets. (5/4x334-)  Mission  press  3d  ed.  10,000  to  25,000. 

Third  edition  of  64  and  66. 

The  first  book  for  children  to  be  taught  when  young. 

68.  Ka  palapala  a Paulo  i ko  Roma.  pp.  1-28. 

Ka  palapala  mua  a Paulo  na  ko  Korineto.  pp.  28-54. 

Ka  palapala  lua  a Paulo  na  ko  Korineto.  pp.  54-72. 

[No  imprint.]  [Honolulu:  1830.]  72  pp.  (7/4x4.  ) 

69.  (No  title.)  [No.  1.] 

(At  end,)  Oahu:  mission  press,  Feb.  1830.  6 ed.  12,000. 

Total  132,000.  8 pp.  (6x4.) 

Sixth  edition  of  17,  28,  34,  39  and  52. 

This  item  completes  the  detailed  record  of  the  first  decade  of 
the  existence  of  the  mission.  Thenceforward  more  abundant  mater- 
ial, both  of  translations  and  supplies,  enabled  the  missionaries  to 
employ  their  facilities  for  printing  to  a much  greater  extent,  a 
complete  bibliography  of  which  output  it  is  our  expectation  soon 
to  print. 

In  November,  1831,  the  American  Bible  Society  granted  the 
sum  of  $5,000  for  printing  an  edition  of  20,000  copies  of  the  New 
Testament,  and  at  about  the  same  time  a similar  grant  of  $500 
was  received  from  the  American  Tract  Society  for  printing  relig- 
ious tracts  in  the  Hawaiian  language.  An  equal  amount  was  re- 


37 


ceived  from  the  latter  society  during  the  following  year,  when  the 
Philadelphia  Bible  Society  also  donated  $1,500. 

The  reinforcement  sailing  from  New  Bedford  Nov.  26,  1831,  in 
the  Averick,  took  out  a third  press  and  the  necessary  office  furni- 
ture for  a second  printing  establishment,  at  that  time  designed  to 
he  located  somewhere  on  the  island  of  Hawaii.  Mr.  Edmund  H. 
Rogers,  printer,  accompany  the  missionaries  under  a contract  for 
wages  for  a limited  time.  He  arrived  in  Honolulu,  May  17, 
1832. 

The  first  Catholic  publication  in  the  Hawaiian  language,  a 
little  Catechism,  was  printed  in  1831  at  Macao. 

He  olelo  hoonaauao  i ke  kanaka  i ka  ke  Akua;  e like  me  ke  ano 
no  ka  ke  Akua  olelo  i haawi  mai  la  i na  kahuna  nui  no  ko  lesu 
Kristo  ekalesia,  mai  ia  lesu  Kristo  mai  a keia  manawa.  He  mea 
hoike  i na  mea  e manaoioaku  ai  ke  kanaka,  a e hana  mai  hoi  ia  i 
malama  pono  ai  i ke  Akua.  Quotations:  Mataio  28:  19,  20,  5 
lines;  II.  Ko  Tesalonike,  2:  15,  4 lines. 

Macao:  1831.  48  pp.  (7x4%. ) [See  illustration] . 

This  remained  their  only  publication  till  about  1839,  when  we 
find  reference  to  a second  tract,  no  copy  of  which  however  is  now 
known  to  exist. 

J.  S.  Emerson  writes  Dec.  9,  1839: 

“ A few  have  joined  the  ranks  of  those  who  lay  aside  the  Bible 
and  say  that  a little  tract,  written  in  very  poor  Native,  24  or 
about  24  pages  in  length,  is  better  than  the  Bible.” 

Again,  on  Jan.  3,  1840: 

“Walsh,  an  Irishman,  is  the  only  priest  they  have  on  the 
ground  at  the  present  time.  He  has  circulated  a pamphlet  in 
which  are  some  texts  of  Scripture  hut  more  tradition . ’ ’ 

Rev.  Jonas  King’s  letter  to  his  friends  in  Palestine,  Syria,  &c., 
1831,  is  listed  among  the  publications  of  the  mission  in  the 
annual  report  A.  B.  C.  F.  M.  1832,  p.  79,  but  no  record 
of  its  printing  can  be  found  in  the  reports  of  the  printing  com- 
mittee or  other  detailed  statements  from  the  islands. 

In  a report  by  one  of  the  missionaries  it  is  stated : 

‘ ‘ It  was  deemed  advisable  to  translate  the  principal  parts  of 
the  Rev.  Jonas  King’s  letter  to  his  Roman  Catholic  friends  in 
Syria,  stating  in  a style  well  adapted  to  convince  Sandwich  Is- 
landers his  reasons  why  he  could  not  be  a Roman  Catholic,  and 


38 


to  show  this  translation  in  manuscript  to  the  principal  chiefs 
without  printing  or  publishing  it  in  the  native  language.” 

It  is  of  course  possible  that  their  determination  was  afterwards 
reconsidered  and  copies  of  the  manuscript  printed. 

In  1832  the  plan  of  division  of  books  was  to  allow  to  Kauai 
6/40  of  the  whole  number  printed;  to  Oahu,  7/  / 40 ; to  Maui, 
&c.,  934/40;  to  Kailua,  3/4/40;  to  Kaawaloa,  4 34  / 40 ; 
to  Waimea,  4/ 40;  and  to  Hilo,  5/ 40. 

No  mention  is  made  of  the  final  abandonment  of  the  original 
press,  which  had  gradually  lost  its  usefulness.  On  Nov.  23,  1831, 
the  missionaries  write : 

“ We  have  now  but  one  press  which  can  be  used  to  any  pur- 
pose, and  Mr.  Shepard  thinks  we  ought  not  to  rely  upon  this,  as 
it  may  give  out.” 

Again,  Oct.  10,  1832,  they  complain: 

“The  two  old  presses  which  we  have  were  both  second  hand 
presses  when  they  were  sent  out.  The  one  which  was  first  sent  is 
of  little  use,  except  as  a proof  press,  and  the  other  is  liable  to  fail 
us.” 

Mr.  Lemuel  Fuller,  a printer  from  Attleboro,  Mass.,  sailed 
with  the  fifth  reinforcement  Nov.  2,  1832,  in  the  ship  Mentor, 
from  New  London,  arriving  Mar.  1,  1833.  Mr.  Fuller’s  health 
was  such  on  his  arrival  that  he  was  incapacitated  for  performing 
his  duties  as  a printer,  and  it  was  soon  found  necessary  for  him  to 
return  to  his  native  land.  He  sailed  from  Honolulu,  Dec.  1, 
1833,  in  the  ship  Magnolia. 

Mr.  Shepard,  on  account  of  ill-health,  had  been  formally  re- 
leased from  the  care  of  the  printing-office  in  March,  1831.  He 
removed  with  his  family  to  Lahaina,  Mr.  Goodrich  taking  the 
temporary  superintendence  of  the  press.  He  lingered  for  three 
years  in  constantly  failing  health,  at  times  apparently  on  the 
point  of  death,  and  then  recovering  so  as  to  devote  some  attention 
to  the  reading  of  proof  sheets  and  to  other  business  of  the  print- 
ing department,  labors  to  which  he  was  devoted  even  to  the  last. 
He  died  on  July  6,  1834. 

Among  the  rarest  of  the  publications  of  the  mission  press  are 
the  records  of  the  yearly  meetings  of  the  mission,  published  an- 
nual^ from  1830  to  1853. 

The  reason  for  the  extremely  limited  editions  of  these  series  of 


39 


minutes,  of  which  but  40  copies  were  printed,  is  explained  in  a 
letter  to  the  corresponding  secretary,  dated  Honolulu,  Oct.  29, 
1832. 

The  minutes  of  the  three  last  general  meetings  of  the  mission  or 
extracts  from  them  have  been  printed,  as  you  well  know,  but  not 
for  circulation  out  of  the  mission  families,  except  to  transmit  to 
the  Board.  The  reason  for  printing  them  has  been  to  furnish 
each  family  with  a copy  in  order  that  the  members  not  present 
might  know  the  proceedings  of  the  meetings,  and  that  all  of  us 
might  have  them  to  refer  to  as  occasion  might  require.  Printing 
them,  it  was  thought,  would  be  a saving  of  time  and  labor,  as  a 
good  many  copies  would  be  needed  to  furnish  each  family  and  to 
supply  the  Board  with  a copy  and  duplicate.  We  carefully  keep 
these  copies  from  the  eyes  of  strangers.  Had  our  minutes  been 
designed  for  circulation  they  would  have  been  revised  with  much 
care  and  everything  not  proper  to  have  been  known  out  of  the 
mission  would  have  been  withheld.  We  hope  that  our  reason  for 
printing  our  minutes  will  be  regarded  as  having  some  weight, 
though  we  may  have  made  a mistake  in  not  withholding,  even 
for  circulation  among  our  own  number,  some  things  which  were 
inserted. 

The  commencement  of  printing  at  Lahainaluna  in  1834  is  thus 
related  by  the  Rev.  Lorrin  Andrews,  principal  of  the  High  School: 

“About  the  middle  of  January  a native  printer  arrived  from 
Oahu,  and  commenced  unpacking  the  type  and  putting  them  in 
the  cases,  though  the  office  was  not  yet  finished.  About  the  22d 
of  January  the  office  was  finished,  and  on  the  23d  the  press  was 
set  up.  The  first  book  put  to  press  was  a translation  of  Worces- 
ter’s Scripture  Geography.  On  the  3d  of  February  the  first  sheet 
of  the  geography  was  worked  off.  We  soon  found  our  press  to  be 
a poor  one.  Our  types  also  were  of  two  kinds,  mixed  together, 
some  longer  than  others,  but  which  we  did  not  know  until  the 
experiment  taught  us.  By  separating  them,  we  made  better  work 
afterwards.  Several  of  the  scholars  expressed  a desire  to  work  in 
the  office,  which  they  were  allowed  to  do  after  they  had  made 
composing  sticks,  for  we  had  but  one  iron  one  in  the  office  for 
several  months,  and  even  now  we  have  not  a supply.  For  the 
first  six  weeks,  or  two  months,  we  did  all  our  presswork,  even 
the  newspaper,  without  a frisket. 

“The  office,  though  exceedingly  beneficial  to  the  school, 
brought  with  it  a host  of  cares  that  lay  heavily  upon  me.  Though 
I had  worked  considerably  in’  a printing  office  at  different  times 
in  former  years,  yet  I never  supposed  that  I understood  the  busi- 
ness. I never  served  an  apprenticeship;  I had  never  even  made 


40 


up  a form.  I had  worked  only  as  a compositor  and  pressman. 
Hence  I felt  very  awkward,  for  I soon  found  that  our  Hawaiian 
printer  knew  more  of  the  business  in  detail  than  I did.  I found 
it  good  exercise,  however,  to  work  the  press,  which  I did  for  sev- 
eral hours  twice  a week  at  least. 

“ On  the  14th  of  Feruary,  1834,  we  published  the  first  Hawaiian 
newspaper  ever  printed  at  the  Sandwich  Islands.  Of  the  style  in 
which  it  was  got  up  I say  nothing,  as  we  had  but  one  sort  of  type, 
and  those  had  once  been  so  much  worn  as  to  be  thrown  aside,  as 
had  also  our  press.  We  called  our  paper,  Ka  Lama  Hawaii,  that 
is,  The  Hawaiian  Luminary.  Its  object  was,  first,  to  give  the 
scholars  of  the  High  School  the  idea  of  a newspaper — to  show 
them  how  information  of  various  kinds  was  circulated  through 
the  medium  of  a periodical.  Secondly,  to  communicate  to  them 
ideas  on  many  objects  directly  and  indirectly,  such  as  we  should 
not  put  into  sermons,  nor  into  books  written  formally  for  the  na- 
tion. Thirdly,  it  was  designed  as  a channel  through  which  the 
scholars  might  communicate  their  own  opinions  freely  on  any 
subject  they  chose.  The  last  page  has  been  almost  exclusively 
devoted  to  their  use. 

Previously  to  this,  they  had  commenced  writing  compositions  as 
a regular  exercise  in  school.  The  paper  has  thus  far  been  exceed- 
ingly interesting  to  the  scholars.  They  have  read  it  with  avidity, 
and  such  parts  as  were  designed  for  that  purpose  have  been  recited 
as  other  school-books.  The  cuts  were  engraved  on  wood,  as  also  the 
title,  by  Doct.  Chapin.  It  was  designed  merely  for  the  school,  and 
has  not  been  extensively  circulated  beyond  it.  Indeed  the  sphere 
of  our  printing  was  limited  to  the  school.  The  number  of  copies 
printed  was  two  hundred.” 

During  the  first  year  the  following  items  were  printed : 

L.  1.  (A.  Thurston.)  He  hoikehonua  no  ka  palapala  hemo- 

lele,  he  mea  ia  e akaka’i  ke  ano  o na  wahi  i haiia  mai  ai  rna  ka 
olelo  a ke  Akua. 

Lahainaluna:  Ianuari  1834,  99  pp.  8vo.  in  % sheets.  (6x4%) . 

A geography  of  holy  writings  as  given  by  word  of  God. 

L.  2.  Ka  Lama  Hawaii.  He  mea  ia  e hooloha  ike,  a he  mea 
hoi  e pono  ai  ke  kulanui.  Lahainaluna,  Maui.  Feb.  14  to  Sept. 
26,  1834;  Dec.  5 to  Dec.  26,  1834,  (weekly)  each  4 pp.  wood- 
cuts  (25  numbers.)  100  pp.  4t.o.  200  copies. 

L.  3.  L.  Andrews.  He  man  haawina  no  ka  palapala  hemo- 
lele . Vol . 1 . 

Lahainaluna,  1834.  100  pp.  16  mo.  200  copies. 

Bible  class  book. 


41 


L.  4.  Constitution  &c. 

(The  marine  association  for  the  suppression  of  intemperance  at 
the  Sandwich  Islands.) 

(Lahaina,  April  14,  1843.) 

[Lahainaluna:  1834],  Broadside,  (.123^x8) , but  printed 

folio,  duplicated  on  3d  page. 

L.  3.  Ive  anahonua.  Oia  ka  mea  e ike  ai.  Ive  kumu  o ke  ana 
aina  a me  ka  liolo  moku.  He  mea  ia  e pono  ai  ke  kulanui. 

Lahainaluna,  1834.  122;  45  pp.  woodcuts,  copper  plates.  8vo. 

in  x/l  sheets.  (8/4x5 Y,.)  1,500  copies. 

The  first  48  pages  and  then  the  first  64  pages  were  bound  and 
issued  prior  to  the  completion  of  the  whole  'work.  Half  pages  are 
inserted  opposite  pages  67  and  75. 

L.  5.  Artemas  Bishop.  He  helunaau. 

Lahainaluna:  1834.  132  pp.  18  mo.  Not  seen. 

L.  6.  He  moolelo  no  na  holoholona  wawae  eha.  He  olelo  ia  e 
hookaka’i  i ke  ano  o na  holoholona  eha  wawae,  a me  ko  lakou 
wahi  noho  ai,  a me  ka  lakou  liana  ana.  Ua  pai  pu  ia  na  kii  o na 
holoholona  a pau  i hoakakaia;  o ke  kii  kekahi  mea  e akaka  loa  ai 
ke  ano. 

Lahainaluna,  paiia  no  ke  kulanui,  1834.  192  pp.  12  mo. 

(7^x4^). 

L.  7.  He  kuhikulii  no  ka  palapala  hemolele;  he  mea  ia  e pono 
ai  na  haumana  o na  kula  Sabati. 

Maui,  Lahainaluna,  1834.  61  pp.  8vo.  in  half-sheets. 

(5Mx3M-) 

The  printing  office,  which  had  been  much  inconvenienced  by 
its  small  quarters,  was  removed  to  the  new  stone  building  in  May, 
1835,  where  there  was  ample  room  on  the  lower  floor  for  the  two 
printing  presses  and  two  standing  presses.  The  second  floor  was 
occupied  as  a composition  room,  in  which  was  a Ramage  proof 
press,  six  stands  and  other  furniture.  The  third  floor  was  used 
as  a storage  and  drying  loft. 

A sixth  reinforcement  sailed  from  Boston  Dec.  5,  1835,  in  the 
ship  Hellespont,  among  them  Messrs.  Edwin  O.  Hall,  printer, 
and  Henry  Dimond,  bookbinder.  On  arriving  at  Honolulu,  June 


42 


6,  1836,  they  were  stationed  at  the  office  there,  Mr.  Rogers  being 
transferred  to  Lahainaluna. 

At  the  delegate  meeting,  June,  1838,  it  was  voted,  in  reply  to  a 
communication  from  Mr.  Spalding,  of  the  Oregon  Mission: 

That  we  comply  with  his  request  to  print  small  books  for  the 
Nez  Forces  missions  and  also  forward  a few  copies  of  scripture 
and  other  cuts;  also  a Ramage  press  and  small  font  of  types  from 
Lahainaluna,  at  the  discretion  of  the  printer  there.” 

They  discouraged  Mr.  Spalding’s  suggestion  that  he  should 
send  a man  on  from  Oregon  to  he  instructed  in  printing  and 
proposed  rather  to  send  one  of  their  native  assistants  to  him. 

It  was  finally  decided  that  as  the  health  of  Mrs.  Hall  necessitated 
her  temporary  sojourn  in  a cooler  climate,  and  Mr.  Hall  could 
well  be  spared  for  a while  after  the  completion  of  the  work  then 
in  hand,  it  would  be  best  to  send  him  to  Oregon  for  a year  to  set 
up  the  printing  establishment  there  and  instruct  those  designated 
to  carry  on  the  work. 

To  supply  his  place,  a journeyman  printer  named  Steele  was 
employed  to  work  and  to  superintend  in  the  office,  with  Mr. 
Damon’s  cooperation. 

Although  mention  is  made  in  a letter  of  manuscripts  sent  on 
by  the  Oregon  mission,  and,  as  stated  above,  it  was  voted  to  print 
them  on  the  mission  press,  no  record  of  any  such  printing  can  be 
found,  nor  have  the  books  been  seen. 

In  an  unpublished  letter  to  the  secretary  of  the  A.  B.  C.  F.  M. 
dated  Jan.  26,  1839,  Mr.  Hall  writes: 

‘ ‘ I have  put  up  our  old  font  of  pica  and  long  primer  English 
and  also  the  font  of  English  received  within  a year  or  two.  The 
two  former  are  nearly  worn  out,  but  the  latter  is  almost  new. 
This  latter  we  can  dispense  with  with  some  inconvenience. 

The  press  designed  to  be  taken  is  only  a small  hand  card 
press,  which  was  a donation  to  this  mission  and  came  out  with  us 
in  the  Hellespont  . I have  had  it  put  in  order  and  hope  to  make 
it  answer  the  purpose,  till  the  wants  of  these  missions  shall  require 
greater  facilities.” 

He  left  Honolulu  March  2,  1839,  arriving  at  fort  Wallawalla 
May  3,  on  his  way  to  Mr.  Spalding’s  station  at  Clearwater  River, 
125  miles  further  on,  which  he  reached  May  14.  The  press  was  soon 
set  up  and  a little  book  of  twenty  pages,  16  mo.,  which  had  been 
prepared  by  Mrs.  Spalding  and  revised  by  Mr.  Smith,  was  printed 


43 


in  the  Nez  Perces  language,  the  first  book  printed  west  of  the 
Rocky  Mountains.  By  January,  a second  book  had  been  prepared, 
and  Mr.  Hall  returned  to  Clearwater  from  Dr.  Whitman’s  sta- 
tion and  printed  three  or  four  forms,  leaving  the  office  in  charge 
of  Mr.  C.  Rogers,  who  had  been  employed  by  the  mission  as  a 
printer. 

, He  embarked  for  Honolulu  May  19,  1840,  arriving  home  .June 
24,  with  Mrs.  Hall’s  general  health  much  improved. 

Nez  Perces  first  book:  designed  for  children  and  new  beginners. 

Clear  Water:  mission  press,  1839.  20  pp.  (5%x4%.) 

Numipuain  shapahitamanash  timash.  Ma  hiwash  naks  ka 
watu  timash  hisukuatipaswisha. 

Lapwai:  1840.  52  pp.  8 vo.  in  quarter-sheets.  (5%x4%.) 

800  copies. 

This  little  press  is  still  in  existence  and  was  exhibited  at  the 
recent  Portland  exposition,  but  with  the  mistaken  idea  that  it  was 
the  original  Hawaiian  press  as  well  as  the  pioneer  press  of  Oregon. 
This  same  mistake  was  previously  made  in  the  following  item, 
from  the  National  Printer-Journalist,  1899.  p.  380. 

First  Printing  Press  on  the  Pacific.  The  first  press  in  the  terri- 
tory west  of  the  Missouri  River,  with  interesting  historical  in- 
cidents. By  George  H.  Himes,  Portland,  Oregon. 

This  press,  now  in  the  rooms  of  the  State  Historical  Society 
of  Oregon,  at  Portland,  bears  the  name  of  “A  Ramage  Patent 
Printing,  Copying  and  Seal  Press,  No.  14,”  suitably  inscribed  on 
a brass  tablet  attached  to  the  horizonial  bar  in  which  the  screws 
to  give  the  impression  is  placed. 

Height,  12  inches;  impression  lever,  2 feet  long;  platen 
12x14%  inches;  bed  12%xl6%  inches;  track  31  inches  long; 
size  of  sheet  printed,  10x14. 

It  stands  on  a strong  wooden  frame  30  inches  high  by  26x37  % 
inches,  in  the  form  of  a Roman  cross. 

The  press  was  constructed  in  Boston,  Mass.,  exact  date  un- 
known and  sent,  in  1819,  to  Honolulu,  Sandwich  Islands,  by  the 
American  Board  (the  Foreign  Missionary  Society  of  the  Congre- 
gational Churches  of  the  United  States)  with  type,  paper,  and 
fixtures,  all  together  amounting  to  $450,  and  was  used  by  the 
missionaries  there  in  printing  translations  of  the  Scriptures  and 
hymns  in  the  native  tongue.  Early  in  March,  1839,  it  was  sent 
by  the  island  missionaries  to  the  American  Board  mission  in 


Oregon,  which  at  that  time  had  three  stations  * * * and  by 

mutual  consent  it  was  located  at  Lapwai,  the  central  station,  un- 
der the  direct  charge  of  Rev.  H.  H.  Spalding,  who  began  his 
labors  there  late  in  1836. 

Mr.  E.  O.  Hall,  a printer,  afterward  editor  of  the  Polynesian, 
came  with  the  press  from  Honolulu,  and  remained  about  a year 
initiating  Mr.  Spalding  and  other  members  of  the  mission  into 
the  mysteries  of  the  “Art  Preservative.” 

The  press  came  by  sailing  vessel  to  Vancouver,  thence  b’y 
bateau  and  pack  animals  to  its  destination,  where  it  was  set  up  in 
an  adobe  house,  and  the  first  impression  taken  on  May  18,  1839, 
— thus  doing  the  first  printing  on  the  American  continent  west  of 
the  Missouri  River.  * * * *” 


On  May  13,  1846,  Messrs.  W.  P.  Alexander  and  .J.  S.  Emerson, 
the  teachers  at  Lahainaluna,  in  their  annual  report,  after  acknowl- 
edging the  receipts  of  a lithographic  press,  presented  to  the  semi- 
nary by  Mr.  A.  J.  Stansbury,  of  Washington  City,  report  that 
the  Lahainaluna  press  had  stood  still  most  of  the  time  since  the 
general  meeting  of  1845,  having  been  employed  to  do  little  more 
than  finish  the  English  and  Hawaiian  dictionary.  Believing  that 
the  making  of  books  would  not  thereafter  claim  so  prominent  a 
place  in  the  labors  of  the  seminary  as  previously,  and  believing 
that  all  the  printing  could  be  excuted  more  economically  at  Hono- 
lulu than  at  Lahainaluna,  they  recommended  that  the  whole  of 
the  printing  and  binding  apparatus  be  removed  to  Honolulu. 

In  1858,  Mr.  Whitney  had  been  employed  to  do  all  of  the 
mission  printing,  and  in  1859,  agreeably  to  instructions  received 
from  the  Prudential  Committee,  the  presses,  type,  furniture,  &c., 
in  the  printing  office,  were  sold  to  him  for  the  sum  of  $1,300 — 
to  be  paid  for  in  printing  for  the  Board,  and  the  mission  press 
was  pari. 


